[Enhancement](topn) support two phase read for topn query (#15642)

This PR optimize topn query like `SELECT * FROM tableX ORDER BY columnA ASC/DESC LIMIT N`.

TopN is is compose of SortNode and ScanNode, when user table is wide like 100+ columns the order by clause is just a few columns.But ScanNode need to scan all data from storage engine even if the limit is very small.This may lead to lots of read amplification.So In this PR I devide TopN query into two phase:
1. The first phase we just need to read `columnA`'s data from storage engine along with an extra RowId column called `__DORIS_ROWID_COL__`.The other columns are pruned from ScanNode.
2. The second phase I put it in the ExchangeNode beacuase it's the central node for topn nodes in the cluster.The ExchangeNode will spawn a RPC to other nodes using the RowIds(sorted and limited from SortNode) read from the first phase and read row by row from storage engine.

After the second phase read, Block will contain all the data needed for the query

be/src/exec/rowid_fetcher.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include "exec/rowid_fetcher.h"
+
+#include "bthread/countdown_event.h"
+#include "exec/tablet_info.h" // DorisNodesInfo
+#include "gen_cpp/Types_types.h"
+#include "gen_cpp/internal_service.pb.h"
+#include "runtime/exec_env.h"       // ExecEnv
+#include "runtime/runtime_state.h"  // RuntimeState
+#include "util/brpc_client_cache.h" // BrpcClientCache
+#include "util/defer_op.h"
+#include "vec/core/block.h" // Block
+
+namespace doris {
+
+Status RowIDFetcher::init(DorisNodesInfo* nodes_info) {
+    for (auto [node_id, node_info] : nodes_info->nodes_info()) {
+        auto client = ExecEnv::GetInstance()->brpc_internal_client_cache()->get_client(
+                node_info.host, node_info.brpc_port);
+        if (!client) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Get rpc stub failed, host=" << node_info.host
+                         << ", port=" << node_info.brpc_port;
+            return Status::InternalError("RowIDFetcher failed to init rpc client");
+        }
+        _stubs.push_back(client);
+    }
+    return Status::OK();
+}
+
+static std::string format_rowid(const GlobalRowLoacation& location) {
+    return fmt::format("{} {} {} {}", location.tablet_id,
+                       location.row_location.rowset_id.to_string(),
+                       location.row_location.segment_id, location.row_location.row_id);
+}
+
+PMultiGetRequest RowIDFetcher::_init_fetch_request(const vectorized::ColumnString& row_ids) {
+    PMultiGetRequest mget_req;
+    _tuple_desc->to_protobuf(mget_req.mutable_desc());
+    for (auto slot : _tuple_desc->slots()) {
+        slot->to_protobuf(mget_req.add_slots());
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < row_ids.size(); ++i) {
+        PMultiGetRequest::RowId row_id;
+        StringRef row_id_rep = row_ids.get_data_at(i);
+        auto location = reinterpret_cast<const GlobalRowLoacation*>(row_id_rep.data);
+        row_id.set_tablet_id(location->tablet_id);
+        row_id.set_rowset_id(location->row_location.rowset_id.to_string());
+        row_id.set_segment_id(location->row_location.segment_id);
+        row_id.set_ordinal_id(location->row_location.row_id);
+        *mget_req.add_rowids() = std::move(row_id);
+    }
+    mget_req.set_be_exec_version(_st->be_exec_version());
+    return mget_req;
+}
+
+static void fetch_callback(bthread::CountdownEvent* counter) {
+    Defer __defer([&] { counter->signal(); });
+}
+
+static Status MergeRPCResults(const std::vector<PMultiGetResponse>& rsps,
+                              const std::vector<brpc::Controller>& cntls,
+                              vectorized::MutableBlock* output_block) {
+    for (const auto& cntl : cntls) {
+        if (cntl.Failed()) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to fetch meet rpc error:" << cntl.ErrorText()
+                         << ", host:" << cntl.remote_side();
+            return Status::InternalError(cntl.ErrorText());
+        }
+    }
+    for (const auto& resp : rsps) {
+        Status st(resp.status());
+        if (!st.ok()) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to fetch " << st.to_string();
+            return st;
+        }
+        vectorized::Block partial_block(resp.block());
+        output_block->merge(partial_block);
+    }
+    return Status::OK();
+}
+
+Status RowIDFetcher::fetch(const vectorized::ColumnPtr& row_ids,
+                           vectorized::MutableBlock* res_block) {
+    CHECK(!_stubs.empty());
+    res_block->clear_column_data();
+    vectorized::MutableBlock mblock({_tuple_desc}, row_ids->size());
+    PMultiGetRequest mget_req = _init_fetch_request(assert_cast<const vectorized::ColumnString&>(
+            *vectorized::remove_nullable(row_ids).get()));
+    std::vector<PMultiGetResponse> resps(_stubs.size());
+    std::vector<brpc::Controller> cntls(_stubs.size());
+    bthread::CountdownEvent counter(_stubs.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < _stubs.size(); ++i) {
+        cntls[i].set_timeout_ms(config::fetch_rpc_timeout_seconds * 1000);
+        auto callback = brpc::NewCallback(fetch_callback, &counter);
+        _stubs[i]->multiget_data(&cntls[i], &mget_req, &resps[i], callback);
+    }
+    counter.wait();
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(MergeRPCResults(resps, cntls, &mblock));
+    // final sort by row_ids sequence, since row_ids is already sorted
+    vectorized::Block tmp = mblock.to_block();
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, uint32_t> row_order;
+    vectorized::ColumnPtr row_id_column = tmp.get_columns().back();
+    for (size_t x = 0; x < row_id_column->size(); ++x) {
+        auto location =
+                reinterpret_cast<const GlobalRowLoacation*>(row_id_column->get_data_at(x).data);
+        row_order[format_rowid(*location)] = x;
+    }
+    for (size_t x = 0; x < row_ids->size(); ++x) {
+        auto location = reinterpret_cast<const GlobalRowLoacation*>(row_ids->get_data_at(x).data);
+        res_block->add_row(&tmp, row_order[format_rowid(*location)]);
+    }
+    return Status::OK();
+}
+
+} // namespace doris