[fix](nereids)prevent null pointer exception if datetime value overflows (#39675)

pick from master https://github.com/apache/doris/pull/39482

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/rules/expression/rules/SimplifyComparisonPredicate.java

@@ -346,9 +346,10 @@ public class SimplifyComparisonPredicate extends AbstractExpressionRewriteRule i
     private static Expression migrateToDateV2(DateTimeLiteral l, AdjustType type) {
         DateV2Literal d = new DateV2Literal(l.getYear(), l.getMonth(), l.getDay());
         if (type == AdjustType.UPPER && (l.getHour() != 0 || l.getMinute() != 0 || l.getSecond() != 0)) {
-            d = ((DateV2Literal) d.plusDays(1));
+            return d.plusDays(1);
+        } else {
+            return d;
         }
-        return d;
     }
 
     private static Expression migrateToDate(DateV2Literal l) {

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/trees/expressions/functions/executable/TimeRoundSeries.java

@@ -104,23 +104,34 @@ public class TimeRoundSeries {
         if (getCeil) {
             step = step + (deltaInsidePeriod == 0 ? 0 : period);
         }
+        Expression result = null;
         switch (tag) {
             case YEAR:
-                return ((DateTimeLiteral) start.plusYears(step)).toJavaDateType();
+                result = start.plusYears(step);
+                break;
             case MONTH:
-                return ((DateTimeLiteral) start.plusMonths(step)).toJavaDateType();
+                result = start.plusMonths(step);
+                break;
             case DAY:
-                return ((DateTimeLiteral) start.plusDays(step)).toJavaDateType();
+                result = start.plusDays(step);
+                break;
             case HOUR:
-                return ((DateTimeLiteral) start.plusHours(step)).toJavaDateType();
+                result = start.plusHours(step);
+                break;
             case MINUTE:
-                return ((DateTimeLiteral) start.plusMinutes(step)).toJavaDateType();
+                result = start.plusMinutes(step);
+                break;
             case SECOND:
-                return ((DateTimeLiteral) start.plusSeconds(step)).toJavaDateType();
+                result = start.plusSeconds(step);
+                break;
             default:
                 break;
         }
-        return null;
+        if (result != null && result instanceof DateTimeLiteral) {
+            return ((DateTimeLiteral) result).toJavaDateType();
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
     }
 
     /**

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/trees/expressions/literal/DateLiteral.java

@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ public class DateLiteral extends Literal {
     }
 
     protected static boolean isDateOutOfRange(LocalDateTime dateTime) {
-        return dateTime.isBefore(START_OF_A_DAY) || dateTime.isAfter(END_OF_A_DAY);
+        return dateTime == null || dateTime.isBefore(START_OF_A_DAY) || dateTime.isAfter(END_OF_A_DAY);
     }
 
     private boolean checkDatetime(TemporalAccessor dateTime) {