[branch-2.1](function) fix FE impl of some time functions (#37746) (#38316)

pick https://github.com/apache/doris/pull/37746

before:
```sql
mysql> select date_ceil("2020-12-12 12:12:12.123", interval 2 second);
+-----------------------+
| '2020-12-12 12:12:12' |
+-----------------------+
| 2020-12-12 12:12:12   |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.10 sec)

mysql> select CONVERT_TZ('9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999', 'Pacific/Galapagos', 'Pacific/Galapagos');
+------+
| NULL |
+------+
| NULL |
+------+
1 row in set (0.09 sec)

mysql [(none)]>select CONVERT_TZ('9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999', 'Pacific/Galapagos', 'Pacific/GalapaGoS');
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| convert_tz(cast('9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999' as DATETIMEV2(6)), 'Pacific/Galapagos', 'Pacific/GalapaGoS') |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999                                                                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.08 sec) --- gone to BE
```
after:
```sql
mysql> select date_ceil("2020-12-12 12:12:12.123", interval 2 second);
+------------------------------+
| '2020-12-12 12:12:14.000000' |
+------------------------------+
| 2020-12-12 12:12:14          |
+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.11 sec)

mysql> select CONVERT_TZ('9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999', 'Pacific/Galapagos', 'Pacific/Galapagos');
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| convert_tz(cast('9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999' as DATETIMEV2(6)), 'Pacific/Galapagos', 'Pacific/Galapagos') |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999                                                                                |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.23 sec)

mysql> select CONVERT_TZ('9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999', 'Pacific/Galapagos', 'Pacific/GalapaGoS');
+------------------------------+
| '9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999' |
+------------------------------+
| 9999-12-31 23:59:59.999999   |
+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.11 sec) --- finished in FE
```

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/trees/expressions/functions/executable/DateTimeExtractAndTransform.java

@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatterBuilder;
 import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException;
+import java.time.format.ResolverStyle;
 import java.time.format.TextStyle;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
 import java.time.temporal.WeekFields;
@@ -645,12 +647,22 @@ public class DateTimeExtractAndTransform {
         return datetime;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * convert_tz
+     */
     @ExecFunction(name = "convert_tz", argTypes = {"DATETIMEV2", "VARCHAR", "VARCHAR"}, returnType = "DATETIMEV2")
     public static Expression convertTz(DateTimeV2Literal datetime, StringLikeLiteral fromTz, StringLikeLiteral toTz) {
+        DateTimeFormatter zoneFormatter = new DateTimeFormatterBuilder()
+                .parseCaseInsensitive()
+                .appendZoneOrOffsetId()
+                .toFormatter()
+                .withResolverStyle(ResolverStyle.STRICT);
+        ZoneId fromZone = ZoneId.from(zoneFormatter.parse(fromTz.getStringValue()));
+        ZoneId toZone = ZoneId.from(zoneFormatter.parse(toTz.getStringValue()));
+
         LocalDateTime localDateTime = datetime.toJavaDateType();
-        ZonedDateTime fromDateTime = localDateTime.atZone(ZoneId.of(fromTz.getStringValue()));
-        ZonedDateTime toDateTime = fromDateTime.withZoneSameInstant(ZoneId.of(toTz.getStringValue()));
-        return DateTimeV2Literal.fromJavaDateType(toDateTime.toLocalDateTime(), datetime.getDataType().getScale());
+        ZonedDateTime resultDateTime = localDateTime.atZone(fromZone).withZoneSameInstant(toZone);
+        return DateTimeV2Literal.fromJavaDateType(resultDateTime.toLocalDateTime(), datetime.getDataType().getScale());
     }
 
     @ExecFunction(name = "weekday", argTypes = {"DATE"}, returnType = "TINYINT")

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/trees/expressions/functions/executable/TimeRoundSeries.java

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ public class TimeRoundSeries {
                         + (dt.getHour() - start.getHour()) * 60 * 60
                         + (dt.getMinute() - start.getMinute()) * 60
                         + (dt.getSecond() - start.getSecond());
-                trivialPart = 0;
+                trivialPart = dt.getMicroSecond() - start.getMicroSecond();
                 break;
             }
             default: {

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/trees/expressions/literal/DateLiteral.java

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public class DateLiteral extends Literal {
 
     // for cast datetime type to date type.
     private static final LocalDateTime START_OF_A_DAY = LocalDateTime.of(0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
-    private static final LocalDateTime END_OF_A_DAY = LocalDateTime.of(9999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59);
+    private static final LocalDateTime END_OF_A_DAY = LocalDateTime.of(9999, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999000);
     private static final DateLiteral MIN_DATE = new DateLiteral(0, 1, 1);
     private static final DateLiteral MAX_DATE = new DateLiteral(9999, 12, 31);
     private static final int[] DAYS_IN_MONTH = new int[] {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/trees/expressions/literal/DateTimeV2Literal.java

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ public class DateTimeV2Literal extends DateTimeLiteral {
     }
 
     public static Expression fromJavaDateType(LocalDateTime dateTime) {
-        return fromJavaDateType(dateTime, 0);
+        return fromJavaDateType(dateTime, 6);
     }
 
     /**