[feature-wip](mv lifecycle) separate life cycle of base table and its materialized views (#19210)

support related syntax and add:regress-test case

---------

Co-authored-by: yzy <yzy@nanfeng_yzy@163.com>

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/alter/Alter.java

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import org.apache.doris.analysis.CreateMaterializedViewStmt;
 import org.apache.doris.analysis.CreateMultiTableMaterializedViewStmt;
 import org.apache.doris.analysis.DropMaterializedViewStmt;
 import org.apache.doris.analysis.DropPartitionClause;
+import org.apache.doris.analysis.DropPartitionFromIndexClause;
 import org.apache.doris.analysis.DropTableStmt;
 import org.apache.doris.analysis.MVRefreshInfo.RefreshMethod;
 import org.apache.doris.analysis.ModifyColumnCommentClause;
@@ -257,6 +258,8 @@ public class Alter {
                             needProcessOutsideTableLock = true;
                         }
                     }
+                } else if (alterClause instanceof DropPartitionFromIndexClause) {
+                    // do nothing
                 } else if (alterClause instanceof AddPartitionClause) {
                     needProcessOutsideTableLock = true;
                 } else {

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/analysis/DropPartitionFromIndexClause.java

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+package org.apache.doris.analysis;
+
+import org.apache.doris.alter.AlterOpType;
+import org.apache.doris.common.AnalysisException;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ErrorCode;
+import org.apache.doris.common.ErrorReport;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+// clause which is used to drop a partition from specified index
+public class DropPartitionFromIndexClause extends AlterTableClause {
+    private boolean ifExists;
+    private String partitionName;
+    // true if this is to drop a temp partition
+    private boolean isTempPartition;
+    private boolean forceDrop;
+    private String indexName;
+
+    public DropPartitionFromIndexClause(boolean ifExists, String partitionName, boolean isTempPartition,
+            boolean forceDrop, String indexName) {
+        super(AlterOpType.DROP_PARTITION);
+        this.ifExists = ifExists;
+        this.partitionName = partitionName;
+        this.isTempPartition = isTempPartition;
+        this.needTableStable = false;
+        this.forceDrop = forceDrop;
+        this.indexName = indexName;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isSetIfExists() {
+        return ifExists;
+    }
+
+    public String getPartitionName() {
+        return partitionName;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isTempPartition() {
+        return isTempPartition;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isForceDrop() {
+        return forceDrop;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void analyze(Analyzer analyzer) throws AnalysisException {
+        if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(partitionName)) {
+            ErrorReport.reportAnalysisException(ErrorCode.ERR_WRONG_PARTITION_NAME, partitionName);
+        }
+        if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(indexName)) {
+            ErrorReport.reportAnalysisException(ErrorCode.ERR_WRONG_NAME_FOR_INDEX, indexName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<String, String> getProperties() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toSql() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append("DROP PARTITION " + partitionName);
+        sb.append(" FROM INDEX " + indexName);
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return toSql();
+    }
+}