[SQL] Support Grouping Sets, Rollup and Cube to extend group by statement
Support Grouping Sets, Rollup and Cube to extend group by statement support GROUPING SETS syntax ``` SELECT a, b, SUM( c ) FROM tab1 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ( (a, b), (a), (b), ( ) ); ``` cube or rollup like ``` SELECT a, b,c, SUM( d ) FROM tab1 GROUP BY ROLLUP|CUBE(a,b,c) ``` [ADD] support grouping functions in expr like grouping(a) + grouping(b) (#2039) [FIX] fix analyzer error in window function(#2039)
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# GROUP BY
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## description
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GROUP BY `GROUPING SETS` ｜ `CUBE` ｜ `ROLLUP` 是对 GROUP BY 子句的扩展，它能够在一个 GROUP BY 子句中实现多个集合的分组的聚合。其结果等价于将多个相应 GROUP BY 子句进行 UNION 操作。
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GROUP BY 子句是只含有一个元素的 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS 的特例。
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例如，GROUPING SETS 语句：
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```
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SELECT a, b, SUM( c ) FROM tab1 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ( (a, b), (a), (b), ( ) );
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```
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其查询结果等价于：
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```
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SELECT a, b, SUM( c ) FROM tab1 GROUP BY a, b
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UNION
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SELECT a, null, SUM( c ) FROM tab1 GROUP BY a
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UNION
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SELECT null, b, SUM( c ) FROM tab1 GROUP BY b
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UNION
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SELECT null, null, SUM( c ) FROM tab1
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```
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`GROUPING(expr)` 指示一个列是否为聚合列，如果是聚合列为0，否则为1
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`GROUPING_ID(expr [ , expr [ , ... ] ])` 与GROUPING 类似， GROUPING_ID根据指定的column 顺序，计算出一个列列表的 bitmap 值，每一位为GROUPING的值. GROUPING_ID()函数返回位向量的十进制值。
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### Syntax
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```
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SELECT ...
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FROM ...
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[ ... ]
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GROUP BY [
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, ... |
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GROUPING SETS [, ...] ( groupSet [ , groupSet [ , ... ] ] ) |
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ROLLUP(expr [ , expr [ , ... ] ]) |
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expr [ , expr [ , ... ] ] WITH ROLLUP |
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CUBE(expr [ , expr [ , ... ] ]) |
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expr [ , expr [ , ... ] ] WITH CUBE
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]
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[ ... ]
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```
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### Parameters
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`groupSet` 表示 select list 中的列，别名或者表达式组成的集合 `groupSet ::= { ( expr [ , expr [ , ... ] ] )}`
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`expr` 表示 select list 中的列，别名或者表达式
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### Note
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doris 支持类似PostgreSQL 语法, 语法实例如下
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```
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SELECT a, b, SUM( c ) FROM tab1 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ( (a, b), (a), (b), ( ) );
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SELECT a, b,c, SUM( d ) FROM tab1 GROUP BY ROLLUP(a,b,c)
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SELECT a, b,c, SUM( d ) FROM tab1 GROUP BY CUBE(a,b,c)
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```
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`ROLLUP(a,b,c)` 等价于如下`GROUPING SETS` 语句
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```
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GROUPING SETS (
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(a,b,c),
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( a, b ),
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( a),
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( )
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)
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```
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`CUBE ( a, b, c )` 等价于如下`GROUPING SETS` 语句
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```
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GROUPING SETS (
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( a, b, c ),
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( a, b ),
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( a, c ),
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( a ),
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( b, c ),
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( b ),
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( c ),
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( )
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)
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```
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## example
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下面是一个实际数据的例子
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```
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> SELECT * FROM t;
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+------+------+------+
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| k1 | k2 | k3 |
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+------+------+------+
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| a | A | 1 |
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| a | A | 2 |
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| a | B | 1 |
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| a | B | 3 |
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| b | A | 1 |
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| b | A | 4 |
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| b | B | 1 |
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| b | B | 5 |
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+------+------+------+
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8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
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> SELECT k1, k2, SUM(k3) FROM t GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ( (k1, k2), (k2), (k1), ( ) );
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+------+------+-----------+
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| k1 | k2 | sum(`k3`) |
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+------+------+-----------+
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| b | B | 6 |
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| a | B | 4 |
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| a | A | 3 |
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| b | A | 5 |
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| NULL | B | 10 |
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| NULL | A | 8 |
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| a | NULL | 7 |
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| b | NULL | 11 |
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| NULL | NULL | 18 |
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+------+------+-----------+
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9 rows in set (0.06 sec)
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> SELECT k1, k2, GROUPING_ID(k1,k2), SUM(k3) FROM t GROUP BY GROUPING SETS ((k1, k2), (k1), (k2), ());
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+------+------+---------------+----------------+
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| k1 | k2 | grouping_id(k1,k2) | sum(`k3`) |
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+------+------+---------------+----------------+
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| a | A | 0 | 3 |
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| a | B | 0 | 4 |
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| a | NULL | 1 | 7 |
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| b | A | 0 | 5 |
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| b | B | 0 | 6 |
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| b | NULL | 1 | 11 |
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| NULL | A | 2 | 8 |
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| NULL | B | 2 | 10 |
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| NULL | NULL | 3 | 18 |
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+------+------+---------------+----------------+
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9 rows in set (0.02 sec)
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```
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## keyword
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GROUP, GROUPING, GROUPING_ID, GROUPING_SETS, GROUPING SETS, CUBE, ROLLUP
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