**Histogram statistics**
Currently doris collects statistics, but no histogram data, and by default the optimizer assumes that the different values of the columns are evenly distributed. This calculation can be problematic when the data distribution is skewed. So this pr implements the collection of histogram statistics.
For columns containing data skew columns (columns with unevenly distributed data in the column), histogram statistics enable the optimizer to generate more accurate estimates of cardinality for filtering or join predicates involving these columns, resulting in a more precise execution plan.
The optimization of the execution plan by histogram is mainly in two aspects: the selection of where condition and the selection of join order. The selection principle of the where condition is relatively simple: the histogram is used to calculate the selection rate of each predicate, and the filter with higher selection rate is preferred.
The selection of join order is based on the estimation of the number of rows in the join result. In the case of uneven data distribution in the join condition columns, histogram can greatly improve the accuracy of the prediction of the number of rows in the join result. At the same time, if the number of rows of a bucket in one of the columns is 0, you can mark it and directly skip the bucket in the subsequent join process to improve efficiency.
---
Histogram statistics are mainly collected by the histogram aggregation function, which is used as follows:
**Syntax**
```SQL
histogram(expr)
```
> The histogram function is used to describe the distribution of the data. It uses an "equal height" bucking strategy, and divides the data into buckets according to the value of the data. It describes each bucket with some simple data, such as the number of values that fall in the bucket. It is mainly used by the optimizer to estimate the range query.
**example**
```
MySQL [test]> select histogram(login_time) from dev_table;
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| histogram(`login_time`) |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| {"bucket_size":5,"buckets":[{"lower":"2022-09-21 17:30:29","upper":"2022-09-21 22:30:29","count":9,"pre_sum":0,"ndv":1},...]}|
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
```
**description**
```JSON
{
"bucket_size": 5,
"buckets": [
{
"lower": "2022-09-21 17:30:29",
"upper": "2022-09-21 22:30:29",
"count": 9,
"pre_sum": 0,
"ndv": 1
},
{
"lower": "2022-09-22 17:30:29",
"upper": "2022-09-22 22:30:29",
"count": 10,
"pre_sum": 9,
"ndv": 1
},
{
"lower": "2022-09-23 17:30:29",
"upper": "2022-09-23 22:30:29",
"count": 9,
"pre_sum": 19,
"ndv": 1
},
{
"lower": "2022-09-24 17:30:29",
"upper": "2022-09-24 22:30:29",
"count": 9,
"pre_sum": 28,
"ndv": 1
},
{
"lower": "2022-09-25 17:30:29",
"upper": "2022-09-25 22:30:29",
"count": 9,
"pre_sum": 37,
"ndv": 1
}
]
}
```
TODO:
- histogram func supports parameter and sample statistics (It's got another pr)
- use histogram statistics
- add p0 regression
MySQL [db]> SELECT SUM(a.r[1]) as active_user_num, SUM(a.r[2]) as active_user_num_1day, SUM(a.r[3]) as active_user_num_3day, SUM(a.r[4]) as active_user_num_7day FROM ( SELECT user_id, retention( day = '2022-11-01', day = '2022-11-02', day = '2022-11-04', day = '2022-11-07') as r FROM login_event WHERE (day >= '2022-11-01') AND (day <= '2022-11-21') GROUP BY user_id ) a;
ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = sum requires a numeric parameter: sum(%element_extract%(a.r, 1))
# Proposed changes
This PR fixed lots of issues when building from source on macOS with Apple M1 chip.
## ATTENTION
The job for supporting macOS with Apple M1 chip is too big and there are lots of unresolved issues during runtime:
1. Some errors with memory tracker occur when BE (RELEASE) starts.
2. Some UT cases fail.
...
Temporarily, the following changes are made on macOS to start BE successfully.
1. Disable memory tracker.
2. Use tcmalloc instead of jemalloc.
This PR kicks off the job. Guys who are interested in this job can continue to fix these runtime issues.
## Use case
```shell
./build.sh -j 8 --be --clean
cd output/be/bin
ulimit -n 60000
./start_be.sh --daemon
```
## Something else
It takes around _**10+**_ minutes to build BE (with prebuilt third-parties) on macOS with M1 chip. We will improve the development experience on macOS greatly when we finish the adaptation job.
* refactor first and last
[refactor][vectorized] refactor first/last value agg functions
* add some change
* remove first/last about always nullable
* remove always nullable and register it
* refactor value remove bool null flag
* refactor win first last to ptr and pos
