// Copyright 2002 and onwards Google Inc.
//
// A collection of useful (static) bit-twiddling functions.

#pragma once


#include "gutil/integral_types.h"
// IWYU pragma: no_include <butil/macros.h>
#include "gutil/macros.h" // IWYU pragma: keep

class Bits {
public:
    // Return the number of one bits in the given integer.
    static int CountOnesInByte(unsigned char n);

    static int CountOnes(uint32 n) {
        n -= ((n >> 1) & 0x55555555);
        n = ((n >> 2) & 0x33333333) + (n & 0x33333333);
        return (((n + (n >> 4)) & 0xF0F0F0F) * 0x1010101) >> 24;
    }

    // Count bits using sideways addition [WWG'57]. See Knuth TAOCP v4 7.1.3(59)
    static inline int CountOnes64(uint64 n) {
#if defined(__x86_64__)
        n -= (n >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555ULL;
        n = ((n >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333ULL) + (n & 0x3333333333333333ULL);
        return (((n + (n >> 4)) & 0xF0F0F0F0F0F0F0FULL) * 0x101010101010101ULL) >> 56;
#else
        return CountOnes(n >> 32) + CountOnes(n & 0xffffffff);
#endif
    }

    // Count bits using popcnt instruction (available on argo machines).
    // Doesn't check if the instruction exists.
    // Please use TestCPUFeature(POPCNT) from base/cpuid/cpuid.h before using this.
    static inline int CountOnes64withPopcount(uint64 n) {
#if defined(__x86_64__) && defined __GNUC__
        int64 count = 0;
        asm("popcnt %1,%0" : "=r"(count) : "rm"(n) : "cc");
        return count;
#else
        return CountOnes64(n);
#endif
    }

    // Reverse the bits in the given integer.
    static uint8 ReverseBits8(uint8 n);
    static uint32 ReverseBits32(uint32 n);
    static uint64 ReverseBits64(uint64 n);

    // Return the number of one bits in the byte sequence.
    static int Count(const void* m, int num_bytes);

    // Return the number of different bits in the given byte sequences.
    // (i.e., the Hamming distance)
    static int Difference(const void* m1, const void* m2, int num_bytes);

    // Return the number of different bits in the given byte sequences,
    // up to a maximum.  Values larger than the maximum may be returned
    // (because multiple bits are checked at a time), but the function
    // may exit early if the cap is exceeded.
    static int CappedDifference(const void* m1, const void* m2, int num_bytes, int cap);

    // Return floor(log2(n)) for positive integer n.  Returns -1 iff n == 0.
    static int Log2Floor(uint32 n);
    static int Log2Floor64(uint64 n);

    // Potentially faster version of Log2Floor() that returns an
    // undefined value if n == 0
    static int Log2FloorNonZero(uint32 n);
    static int Log2FloorNonZero64(uint64 n);

    // Return ceiling(log2(n)) for positive integer n.  Returns -1 iff n == 0.
    static int Log2Ceiling(uint32 n);
    static int Log2Ceiling64(uint64 n);

    // Return the first set least / most significant bit, 0-indexed.  Returns an
    // undefined value if n == 0.  FindLSBSetNonZero() is similar to ffs() except
    // that it's 0-indexed, while FindMSBSetNonZero() is the same as
    // Log2FloorNonZero().
    static int FindLSBSetNonZero(uint32 n);
    static int FindLSBSetNonZero64(uint64 n);
    static int FindMSBSetNonZero(uint32 n) { return Log2FloorNonZero(n); }
    static int FindMSBSetNonZero64(uint64 n) { return Log2FloorNonZero64(n); }

    // Portable implementations
    static int Log2Floor_Portable(uint32 n);
    static int Log2FloorNonZero_Portable(uint32 n);
    static int FindLSBSetNonZero_Portable(uint32 n);
    static int Log2Floor64_Portable(uint64 n);
    static int Log2FloorNonZero64_Portable(uint64 n);
    static int FindLSBSetNonZero64_Portable(uint64 n);

    // Viewing bytes as a stream of unsigned bytes, does that stream
    // contain any byte equal to c?
    template <class T>
    static bool BytesContainByte(T bytes, uint8 c);

    // Viewing bytes as a stream of unsigned bytes, does that stream
    // contain any byte b < c?
    template <class T>
    static bool BytesContainByteLessThan(T bytes, uint8 c);

    // Viewing bytes as a stream of unsigned bytes, are all elements of that
    // stream in [lo, hi]?
    template <class T>
    static bool BytesAllInRange(T bytes, uint8 lo, uint8 hi);

private:
    static const char num_bits[];
    static const unsigned char bit_reverse_table[];
    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Bits);
};

// A utility class for some handy bit patterns.  The names l and h
// were chosen to match Knuth Volume 4: l is 0x010101... and h is 0x808080...;
// half_ones is ones in the lower half only.  We assume sizeof(T) is 1 or even.
template <class T>
struct BitPattern {
    static const T half_ones = (static_cast<T>(1) << (sizeof(T) * 4)) - 1;
    static const T l = (sizeof(T) == 1) ? 1 : (half_ones / 0xff * (half_ones + 2));
    static const T h = ~(l * 0x7f);
};

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implementation details follow
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

// use GNU builtins where available
#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 4) || __GNUC__ >= 4)
inline int Bits::Log2Floor(uint32 n) {
    return n == 0 ? -1 : 31 ^ __builtin_clz(n);
}

inline int Bits::Log2FloorNonZero(uint32 n) {
    return 31 ^ __builtin_clz(n);
}

inline int Bits::FindLSBSetNonZero(uint32 n) {
    return __builtin_ctz(n);
}

inline int Bits::Log2Floor64(uint64 n) {
    return n == 0 ? -1 : 63 ^ __builtin_clzll(n);
}

inline int Bits::Log2FloorNonZero64(uint64 n) {
    return 63 ^ __builtin_clzll(n);
}

inline int Bits::FindLSBSetNonZero64(uint64 n) {
    return __builtin_ctzll(n);
}
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#include "gutil/bits-internal-windows.h"
#else
#include "gutil/bits-internal-unknown.h"
#endif

inline int Bits::CountOnesInByte(unsigned char n) {
    return num_bits[n];
}

inline uint8 Bits::ReverseBits8(unsigned char n) {
    n = ((n >> 1) & 0x55) | ((n & 0x55) << 1);
    n = ((n >> 2) & 0x33) | ((n & 0x33) << 2);
    return ((n >> 4) & 0x0f) | ((n & 0x0f) << 4);
}

inline uint32 Bits::ReverseBits32(uint32 n) {
    n = ((n >> 1) & 0x55555555) | ((n & 0x55555555) << 1);
    n = ((n >> 2) & 0x33333333) | ((n & 0x33333333) << 2);
    n = ((n >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F) | ((n & 0x0F0F0F0F) << 4);
    n = ((n >> 8) & 0x00FF00FF) | ((n & 0x00FF00FF) << 8);
    return (n >> 16) | (n << 16);
}

inline uint64 Bits::ReverseBits64(uint64 n) {
#if defined(__x86_64__)
    n = ((n >> 1) & 0x5555555555555555ULL) | ((n & 0x5555555555555555ULL) << 1);
    n = ((n >> 2) & 0x3333333333333333ULL) | ((n & 0x3333333333333333ULL) << 2);
    n = ((n >> 4) & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FULL) | ((n & 0x0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0FULL) << 4);
    n = ((n >> 8) & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FFULL) | ((n & 0x00FF00FF00FF00FFULL) << 8);
    n = ((n >> 16) & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFFULL) | ((n & 0x0000FFFF0000FFFFULL) << 16);
    return (n >> 32) | (n << 32);
#else
    return ReverseBits32(n >> 32) | (static_cast<uint64>(ReverseBits32(n & 0xffffffff)) << 32);
#endif
}

inline int Bits::Log2FloorNonZero_Portable(uint32 n) {
    // Just use the common routine
    return Log2Floor(n);
}

// Log2Floor64() is defined in terms of Log2Floor32(), Log2FloorNonZero32()
inline int Bits::Log2Floor64_Portable(uint64 n) {
    const uint32 topbits = static_cast<uint32>(n >> 32);
    if (topbits == 0) {
        // Top bits are zero, so scan in bottom bits
        return Log2Floor(static_cast<uint32>(n));
    } else {
        return 32 + Log2FloorNonZero(topbits);
    }
}

// Log2FloorNonZero64() is defined in terms of Log2FloorNonZero32()
inline int Bits::Log2FloorNonZero64_Portable(uint64 n) {
    const uint32 topbits = static_cast<uint32>(n >> 32);
    if (topbits == 0) {
        // Top bits are zero, so scan in bottom bits
        return Log2FloorNonZero(static_cast<uint32>(n));
    } else {
        return 32 + Log2FloorNonZero(topbits);
    }
}

// FindLSBSetNonZero64() is defined in terms of FindLSBSetNonZero()
inline int Bits::FindLSBSetNonZero64_Portable(uint64 n) {
    const uint32 bottombits = static_cast<uint32>(n);
    if (bottombits == 0) {
        // Bottom bits are zero, so scan in top bits
        return 32 + FindLSBSetNonZero(static_cast<uint32>(n >> 32));
    } else {
        return FindLSBSetNonZero(bottombits);
    }
}

template <class T>
 bool Bits::BytesContainByteLessThan(T bytes, uint8 c) {
    T l = BitPattern<T>::l;
    T h = BitPattern<T>::h;
    // The c <= 0x80 code is straight out of Knuth Volume 4.
    // Usually c will be manifestly constant.
    return c <= 0x80 ? ((h & (bytes - l * c) & ~bytes) != 0)
                     : ((((bytes - l * c) | (bytes ^ h)) & h) != 0);
}

template <class T>
 bool Bits::BytesContainByte(T bytes, uint8 c) {
    // Usually c will be manifestly constant.
    return Bits::BytesContainByteLessThan<T>(bytes ^ (c * BitPattern<T>::l), 1);
}

template <class T>
 bool Bits::BytesAllInRange(T bytes, uint8 lo, uint8 hi) {
    T l = BitPattern<T>::l;
    T h = BitPattern<T>::h;
    // In the common case, lo and hi are manifest constants.
    if (lo > hi) {
        return false;
    }
    if (hi - lo < 128) {
        T x = bytes - l * lo;
        T y = bytes + l * (127 - hi);
        return ((x | y) & h) == 0;
    }
    return !Bits::BytesContainByteLessThan(bytes + (255 - hi) * l, lo + (255 - hi));
}