Related issue: #2663, #2828.
This CL support loading data into specified temporary partitions.
```
INSERT INTO tbl TEMPORARY PARTITIONS(tp1, tp2, ..) ....;
curl .... -H "temporary_partition: tp1, tp, .. " ....
LOAD LABEL db1.label1 (
DATA INFILE("xxxx")
INTO TABLE `tbl2`
TEMPORARY PARTITION(tp1, tp2, ...)
...
```
NOTICE: this CL change the FE meta version to 77.
There 3 major changes in this CL
## Syntax reorganization
Reorganized the syntax related to the `specify-partitions`. Removed some redundant syntax
definitions, and unified the syntax related to the `specify-partitions` under one syntax entry.
## Meta refactor
In order to be able to support specifying temporary partitions,
I made some changes to the way the partition information in the table is stored.
Partition information is now organized as follows:
The following two maps are reserved in OlapTable for storing formal partitions:
```
idToPartition
nameToPartition
```
Use the `TempPartitions` class for storing temporary partitions.
All the partition attributes of the formal partition and the temporary partition,
such as the range, the number of replicas, and the storage medium, are all stored
in the `partitionInfo` of the OlapTable.
In `partitionInfo`, we use two maps to store the range of formal partition
and temporary partition:
```
idToRange
idToTempRange
```
Use separate map is because the partition ranges of the formal partition and
the temporary partition may overlap. Separate map can more easily check the partition range.
All partition attributes except the partition range are stored using the same map,
and the partition id is used as the map key.
## Method to get partition
A table may contain both formal and temporary partitions.
There are several methods to get the partition of a table.
Typically divided into two categories:
1. Get partition by id
2. Get partition by name
According to different requirements, the caller may want to obtain
a formal partition or a temporary partition. These methods are
described below in order to obtain the partition by using the correct method.
1. Get by name
This type of request usually comes from a user with partition names. Such as
`select * from tbl partition(p1);`.
This type of request has clear information to indicate whether to obtain a
formal or temporary partition.
Therefore, we need to get the partition through this method:
`getPartition(String partitionName, boolean isTemp)`
To avoid modifying too much code, we leave the `getPartition(String
partitionName)`, which is same as:
`getPartition(partitionName, false)`
2. Get by id
This type of request usually means that the previous step has obtained
certain partition ids in some way,
so we only need to get the corresponding partition through this method:
`getPartition(long partitionId)`.
This method will try to get both formal partitions and temporary partitions.
3. Get all partition instances
Depending on the requirements, the caller may want to obtain all formal
partitions,
all temporary partitions, or all partitions. Therefore we provide 3 methods,
the caller chooses according to needs.
`getPartitions()`
`getTempPartitions()`
`getAllPartitions()`
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