[improve](jsonb)Invalid json path prompts an error instead of null (#19646)
1. Invalid json path prompts an error instead of null:
before:
```sql
mysql> SELECT jsonb_extract('[{"k1":"v41","k2":400},1,"a",3.14]', '$[a]');
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| jsonb_extract('[{"k1":"v41","k2":400},1,"a",3.14]', '$[a]') |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| NULL |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
```
now
```sql
mysql> SELECT jsonb_extract('[{"k1":"v41","k2":400},1,"a",3.14]', '$[a]');
ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = (127.0.0.1)[INVALID_ARGUMENT]Json path error: Invalid Json Path for value: $[a]
```
2. fix some problem: https://github.com/apache/doris/pull/19185
a. support negative numbers
```sql
mysql> SELECT jsonb_extract('[{"k1":"v41","k2":400},1,"a",3.14]', '$[-2]');
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| jsonb_extract('[{"k1":"v41","k2":400},1,"a",3.14]', '$[-2]') |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| "a" |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
```
b. Avoid using unnecessary memory
3. Supplementary regression test