tidb/executor/distsql.go

// Copyright 2016 PingCAP, Inc.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package executor

import (
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"sort"
	"time"

	"github.com/juju/errors"
	"github.com/ngaut/log"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/context"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/distsql"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/distsql/xeval"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/expression"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/kv"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/model"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/mysql"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/plan"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/sessionctx/variable"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/table"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/tablecodec"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/util/codec"
	"github.com/pingcap/tidb/util/types"
	"github.com/pingcap/tipb/go-tipb"
	goctx "golang.org/x/net/context"
)

const (
	minLogDuration = 50 * time.Millisecond
)

func resultRowToRow(t table.Table, h int64, data []types.Datum, tableAsName *model.CIStr) *Row {
	entry := &RowKeyEntry{
		Handle: h,
		Tbl:    t,
	}
	if tableAsName != nil && tableAsName.L != "" {
		entry.TableName = tableAsName.L
	} else {
		entry.TableName = t.Meta().Name.L
	}
	return &Row{Data: data, RowKeys: []*RowKeyEntry{entry}}
}

// LookupTableTaskChannelSize represents the channel size of the index double read taskChan.
var LookupTableTaskChannelSize = 50

// lookupTableTask is created from a partial result of an index request which
// contains the handles in those index keys.
type lookupTableTask struct {
	handles []int64
	rows    []*Row
	cursor  int
	done    bool
	doneCh  chan error

	// The handles fetched from index is originally ordered by index, but we need handles to be ordered by itself
	// to do table request.
	// The indexOrder map is used to save the original index order for the handles.
	// Without this map, the original index order might be lost.
	indexOrder map[int64]int
}

func (task *lookupTableTask) getRow() (*Row, error) {
	if !task.done {
		err := <-task.doneCh
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		task.done = true
	}

	if task.cursor < len(task.rows) {
		row := task.rows[task.cursor]
		task.cursor++
		return row, nil
	}

	return nil, nil
}

// rowsSorter sorts the rows by its index order.
type rowsSorter struct {
	order map[int64]int
	rows  []*Row
}

func (s *rowsSorter) Less(i, j int) bool {
	x := s.order[s.rows[i].RowKeys[0].Handle]
	y := s.order[s.rows[j].RowKeys[0].Handle]
	return x < y
}

func (s *rowsSorter) Len() int {
	return len(s.rows)
}

func (s *rowsSorter) Swap(i, j int) {
	s.rows[i], s.rows[j] = s.rows[j], s.rows[i]
}

func tableRangesToKVRanges(tid int64, tableRanges []types.IntColumnRange) []kv.KeyRange {
	krs := make([]kv.KeyRange, 0, len(tableRanges))
	for _, tableRange := range tableRanges {
		startKey := tablecodec.EncodeRowKeyWithHandle(tid, tableRange.LowVal)
		hi := tableRange.HighVal
		if hi != math.MaxInt64 {
			hi++
		}
		endKey := tablecodec.EncodeRowKeyWithHandle(tid, hi)
		krs = append(krs, kv.KeyRange{StartKey: startKey, EndKey: endKey})
	}
	return krs
}

/*
 * Convert sorted handle to kv ranges.
 * For continuous handles, we should merge them to a single key range.
 */
func tableHandlesToKVRanges(tid int64, handles []int64) []kv.KeyRange {
	krs := make([]kv.KeyRange, 0, len(handles))
	i := 0
	for i < len(handles) {
		h := handles[i]
		if h == math.MaxInt64 {
			// We can't convert MaxInt64 into an left closed, right open range.
			i++
			continue
		}
		j := i + 1
		endHandle := h + 1
		for ; j < len(handles); j++ {
			if handles[j] == endHandle {
				endHandle = handles[j] + 1
				continue
			}
			break
		}
		startKey := tablecodec.EncodeRowKeyWithHandle(tid, h)
		endKey := tablecodec.EncodeRowKeyWithHandle(tid, endHandle)
		krs = append(krs, kv.KeyRange{StartKey: startKey, EndKey: endKey})
		i = j
	}
	return krs
}

func indexRangesToKVRanges(sc *variable.StatementContext, tid, idxID int64, ranges []*types.IndexRange, fieldTypes []*types.FieldType) ([]kv.KeyRange, error) {
	krs := make([]kv.KeyRange, 0, len(ranges))
	for _, ran := range ranges {
		err := convertIndexRangeTypes(sc, ran, fieldTypes)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}

		low, err := codec.EncodeKey(nil, ran.LowVal...)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		if ran.LowExclude {
			low = []byte(kv.Key(low).PrefixNext())
		}
		high, err := codec.EncodeKey(nil, ran.HighVal...)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		if !ran.HighExclude {
			high = []byte(kv.Key(high).PrefixNext())
		}
		startKey := tablecodec.EncodeIndexSeekKey(tid, idxID, low)
		endKey := tablecodec.EncodeIndexSeekKey(tid, idxID, high)
		krs = append(krs, kv.KeyRange{StartKey: startKey, EndKey: endKey})
	}
	return krs, nil
}

func convertIndexRangeTypes(sc *variable.StatementContext, ran *types.IndexRange, fieldTypes []*types.FieldType) error {
	for i := range ran.LowVal {
		if ran.LowVal[i].Kind() == types.KindMinNotNull || ran.LowVal[i].Kind() == types.KindMaxValue {
			continue
		}
		converted, err := ran.LowVal[i].ConvertTo(sc, fieldTypes[i])
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Trace(err)
		}
		cmp, err := converted.CompareDatum(sc, ran.LowVal[i])
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Trace(err)
		}
		ran.LowVal[i] = converted
		if cmp == 0 {
			continue
		}
		if cmp < 0 && !ran.LowExclude {
			// For int column a, a >= 1.1 is converted to a > 1.
			ran.LowExclude = true
		} else if cmp > 0 && ran.LowExclude {
			// For int column a, a > 1.9 is converted to a >= 2.
			ran.LowExclude = false
		}
		// The converted value has changed, the other column values doesn't matter.
		// For equal condition, converted value changed means there will be no match.
		// For non equal condition, this column would be the last one to build the range.
		// Break here to prevent the rest columns modify LowExclude again.
		break
	}
	for i := range ran.HighVal {
		if ran.HighVal[i].Kind() == types.KindMaxValue || ran.LowVal[i].Kind() == types.KindNull {
			continue
		}
		converted, err := ran.HighVal[i].ConvertTo(sc, fieldTypes[i])
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Trace(err)
		}
		cmp, err := converted.CompareDatum(sc, ran.HighVal[i])
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Trace(err)
		}
		ran.HighVal[i] = converted
		if cmp == 0 {
			continue
		}
		// For int column a, a < 1.1 is converted to a <= 1.
		if cmp < 0 && ran.HighExclude {
			ran.HighExclude = false
		}
		// For int column a, a <= 1.9 is converted to a < 2.
		if cmp > 0 && !ran.HighExclude {
			ran.HighExclude = true
		}
		break
	}
	return nil
}

// extractHandlesFromIndexResult gets some handles from SelectResult.
// It should be called in a loop until finished or error happened.
func extractHandlesFromIndexResult(idxResult distsql.SelectResult) (handles []int64, finish bool, err error) {
	subResult, e0 := idxResult.Next()
	if e0 != nil {
		err = errors.Trace(e0)
		return
	}
	if subResult == nil {
		finish = true
		return
	}
	handles, err = extractHandlesFromIndexSubResult(subResult)
	if err != nil {
		err = errors.Trace(err)
	}
	return
}

func extractHandlesFromIndexSubResult(subResult distsql.PartialResult) ([]int64, error) {
	defer subResult.Close()
	var handles []int64
	for {
		h, data, err := subResult.Next()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		if data == nil {
			break
		}
		handles = append(handles, h)
	}
	return handles, nil
}

type int64Slice []int64

func (p int64Slice) Len() int           { return len(p) }
func (p int64Slice) Less(i, j int) bool { return p[i] < p[j] }
func (p int64Slice) Swap(i, j int)      { p[i], p[j] = p[j], p[i] }

// Closeable is a interface for closeable structures.
type Closeable interface {
	// Close closes the object.
	Close() error
}

// closeAll closes all objects even if an object returns an error.
// If multiple objects returns error, the first error will be returned.
func closeAll(objs ...Closeable) error {
	var err error
	for _, obj := range objs {
		if obj != nil {
			err1 := obj.Close()
			if err == nil && err1 != nil {
				err = err1
			}
		}
	}
	return errors.Trace(err)
}

// XSelectIndexExec represents the DistSQL select index executor.
// There are two execution modes. One is single-read, in which case we only need to read index keys.
// The other one is double-read, in which case we first do index request to get handles, we use each
// partial result to build a lookupTableTask.
//
// Each lookupTableTask works like XSelectTableExec. It sorts the handles, sends an *tipb.SelectRequest, then
// gets distsql.SelectResult which returns multiple distsql.PartialResults, we fetch all the rows from
// each distsql.PartialResult, then sort the rows by the original index order.
//
// So there might be many tasks built from index request, each task do its own table request.
// If we do it one by one, the execution might be very slow.
//
// To speed up the execution, index request or table request is done concurrently. The concurrency is controlled
// by kv.Client, we only need to pass the concurrency parameter.
//
// We also make a higher level of concurrency by doing index request in a background goroutine. The index goroutine
// starts multiple worker goroutines and fetches handles from each index partial request, builds lookup table tasks
// and sends the task to 'workerCh'.
//
// Each worker goroutine receives tasks through the 'workerCh', then executes the task.
// After finishing the task, the workers send the task to a taskChan. At the outer most Executor.Next method,
// we receive the finished task through taskChan, and return each row in that task until no more tasks to receive.
type XSelectIndexExec struct {
	tableInfo      *model.TableInfo
	table          table.Table
	asName         *model.CIStr
	ctx            context.Context
	supportDesc    bool
	isMemDB        bool
	singleReadMode bool

	indexPlan *plan.PhysicalIndexScan

	// Variables only used for single read.
	result        distsql.SelectResult
	partialResult distsql.PartialResult
	idxColsSchema *expression.Schema

	// Variables only used for double read.
	taskChan    chan *lookupTableTask
	tasksErr    error // not nil if tasks closed due to error.
	taskCurr    *lookupTableTask
	handleCount uint64 // returned handle count in double read.

	where        *tipb.Expr
	startTS      uint64
	returnedRows uint64 // returned row count

	/*
	   The following attributes are used for aggregation push down.
	   aggFuncs is the aggregation functions in protobuf format. They will be added to distsql request msg.
	   byItem is the groupby items in protobuf format. They will be added to distsql request msg.
	   aggregate indicates of the executor is handling aggregate result.
	   It is more convenient to use a single variable than use a long condition.
	*/
	aggFuncs  []*tipb.Expr
	byItems   []*tipb.ByItem
	aggregate bool

	scanConcurrency int
	execStart       time.Time
	partialCount    int
}

// Schema implements Exec Schema interface.
func (e *XSelectIndexExec) Schema() *expression.Schema {
	return e.indexPlan.Schema()
}

// Close implements Exec Close interface.
func (e *XSelectIndexExec) Close() error {
	err := closeAll(e.result, e.partialResult)
	e.result = nil
	e.partialResult = nil

	e.taskCurr = nil
	if e.taskChan != nil {
		// Consume the task channel in case channel is full.
		for range e.taskChan {
		}
		e.taskChan = nil
	}
	e.returnedRows = 0
	e.partialCount = 0
	return errors.Trace(err)
}

// Next implements the Executor Next interface.
func (e *XSelectIndexExec) Next() (*Row, error) {
	if e.indexPlan.LimitCount != nil && len(e.indexPlan.SortItemsPB) == 0 && e.returnedRows >= uint64(*e.indexPlan.LimitCount) {
		return nil, nil
	}
	e.returnedRows++
	if e.singleReadMode {
		return e.nextForSingleRead()
	}
	return e.nextForDoubleRead()
}

func (e *XSelectIndexExec) nextForSingleRead() (*Row, error) {
	if e.result == nil {
		e.execStart = time.Now()
		var err error
		e.result, err = e.doIndexRequest()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		e.result.Fetch(e.ctx.GoCtx())
	}
	for {
		// Get partial result.
		if e.partialResult == nil {
			var err error
			e.partialResult, err = e.result.Next()
			if err != nil {
				return nil, errors.Trace(err)
			}
			if e.partialResult == nil {
				// Finished.
				duration := time.Since(e.execStart)
				if duration > minLogDuration {
					connID := e.ctx.GetSessionVars().ConnectionID
					log.Infof("[%d] [TIME_INDEX_SINGLE] %s", connID, e.slowQueryInfo(duration))
				}
				return nil, nil
			}
			e.partialCount++
		}
		// Get a row from partial result.
		h, rowData, err := e.partialResult.Next()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		if rowData == nil {
			// Finish current partial result and get the next one.
			e.partialResult.Close()
			e.partialResult = nil
			continue
		}
		var schema *expression.Schema
		if e.aggregate {
			schema = e.Schema()
		} else {
			schema = e.idxColsSchema
		}
		values := make([]types.Datum, schema.Len())
		err = codec.SetRawValues(rowData, values)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		err = decodeRawValues(values, schema)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		if e.aggregate {
			return &Row{Data: values}, nil
		}
		values = e.indexRowToTableRow(h, values)
		return resultRowToRow(e.table, h, values, e.asName), nil
	}
}

func decodeRawValues(values []types.Datum, schema *expression.Schema) error {
	var err error
	for i := 0; i < schema.Len(); i++ {
		if values[i].Kind() == types.KindRaw {
			values[i], err = tablecodec.DecodeColumnValue(values[i].GetRaw(), schema.Columns[i].RetType)
			if err != nil {
				return errors.Trace(err)
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (e *XSelectIndexExec) indexRowToTableRow(handle int64, indexRow []types.Datum) []types.Datum {
	tableRow := make([]types.Datum, len(e.indexPlan.Columns))
	for i, tblCol := range e.indexPlan.Columns {
		if table.ToColumn(tblCol).IsPKHandleColumn(e.indexPlan.Table) {
			if mysql.HasUnsignedFlag(tblCol.FieldType.Flag) {
				tableRow[i] = types.NewUintDatum(uint64(handle))
			} else {
				tableRow[i] = types.NewIntDatum(handle)
			}
			continue
		}
		for j, idxCol := range e.indexPlan.Index.Columns {
			if tblCol.Name.L == idxCol.Name.L {
				tableRow[i] = indexRow[j]
				break
			}
		}
	}
	return tableRow
}

func (e *XSelectIndexExec) nextForDoubleRead() (*Row, error) {
	if e.taskChan == nil {
		e.execStart = time.Now()
		idxResult, err := e.doIndexRequest()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		idxResult.Fetch(e.ctx.GoCtx())

		// Use a background goroutine to fetch index and put the result in e.taskChan.
		// e.taskChan serves as a pipeline, so fetching index and getting table data can
		// run concurrently.
		e.taskChan = make(chan *lookupTableTask, LookupTableTaskChannelSize)
		go e.fetchHandles(idxResult, e.taskChan)
	}

	for {
		if e.taskCurr == nil {
			taskCurr, ok := <-e.taskChan
			if !ok {
				duration := time.Since(e.execStart)
				if duration > minLogDuration {
					connID := e.ctx.GetSessionVars().ConnectionID
					log.Infof("[%d] [TIME_INDEX_DOUBLE] %s", connID, e.slowQueryInfo(duration))
				}
				return nil, e.tasksErr
			}
			e.partialCount++
			e.taskCurr = taskCurr
		}
		row, err := e.taskCurr.getRow()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		if row != nil {
			return row, nil
		}
		e.taskCurr = nil
	}
}

func (e *XSelectIndexExec) slowQueryInfo(duration time.Duration) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("time: %v, table: %s(%d), index: %s(%d), partials: %d, concurrency: %d, rows: %d, handles: %d",
		duration, e.tableInfo.Name, e.tableInfo.ID, e.indexPlan.Index.Name, e.indexPlan.Index.ID,
		e.partialCount, e.scanConcurrency, e.returnedRows, e.handleCount)
}

func (e *XSelectIndexExec) addWorker(workCh chan *lookupTableTask, concurrency *int, concurrencyLimit int) {
	if *concurrency < concurrencyLimit {
		go e.pickAndExecTask(workCh)
		*concurrency++
	}
}

func (e *XSelectIndexExec) fetchHandles(idxResult distsql.SelectResult, ch chan<- *lookupTableTask) {
	workCh := make(chan *lookupTableTask, 1)
	defer func() {
		close(ch)
		close(workCh)
		idxResult.Close()
	}()

	lookupConcurrencyLimit := e.ctx.GetSessionVars().IndexLookupConcurrency
	var concurrency int
	e.addWorker(workCh, &concurrency, lookupConcurrencyLimit)

	txnCtx := e.ctx.GoCtx()
	for {
		handles, finish, err := extractHandlesFromIndexResult(idxResult)
		if err != nil || finish {
			e.tasksErr = errors.Trace(err)
			return
		}
		e.handleCount += uint64(len(handles))
		tasks := e.buildTableTasks(handles)
		for _, task := range tasks {
			if concurrency < len(tasks) {
				e.addWorker(workCh, &concurrency, lookupConcurrencyLimit)
			}

			select {
			case <-txnCtx.Done():
				return
			case workCh <- task:
			default:
				e.addWorker(workCh, &concurrency, lookupConcurrencyLimit)
				workCh <- task
			}
			ch <- task
		}
	}
}

func (e *XSelectIndexExec) doIndexRequest() (distsql.SelectResult, error) {
	selIdxReq := new(tipb.SelectRequest)
	selIdxReq.StartTs = e.startTS
	selIdxReq.TimeZoneOffset = timeZoneOffset()
	selIdxReq.Flags = statementContextToFlags(e.ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx)
	selIdxReq.IndexInfo = distsql.IndexToProto(e.table.Meta(), e.indexPlan.Index)
	if e.indexPlan.Desc {
		selIdxReq.OrderBy = []*tipb.ByItem{{Desc: e.indexPlan.Desc}}
	}
	// If the index is single read, we can push topn down.
	if e.singleReadMode {
		selIdxReq.Limit = e.indexPlan.LimitCount
		// If sortItemsPB is empty, the Desc may be true and we shouldn't overwrite it.
		if len(e.indexPlan.SortItemsPB) > 0 {
			selIdxReq.OrderBy = e.indexPlan.SortItemsPB
		}
	} else if e.where == nil && len(e.indexPlan.SortItemsPB) == 0 {
		// If the index is double read but table scan has no filter or topn, we can push limit down to index.
		selIdxReq.Limit = e.indexPlan.LimitCount
	}
	selIdxReq.Where = e.indexPlan.IndexConditionPBExpr
	if e.singleReadMode {
		selIdxReq.Aggregates = e.aggFuncs
		selIdxReq.GroupBy = e.byItems
	}
	fieldTypes := make([]*types.FieldType, len(e.indexPlan.Index.Columns))
	for i, v := range e.indexPlan.Index.Columns {
		fieldTypes[i] = &(e.table.Cols()[v.Offset].FieldType)
	}
	sc := e.ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx
	keyRanges, err := indexRangesToKVRanges(sc, e.table.Meta().ID, e.indexPlan.Index.ID, e.indexPlan.Ranges, fieldTypes)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Trace(err)
	}
	return distsql.Select(e.ctx.GetClient(), e.ctx.GoCtx(), selIdxReq, keyRanges, e.scanConcurrency, !e.indexPlan.OutOfOrder)
}

func (e *XSelectIndexExec) buildTableTasks(handles []int64) []*lookupTableTask {
	// Build tasks with increasing batch size.
	var taskSizes []int
	total := len(handles)
	batchSize := e.ctx.GetSessionVars().IndexLookupSize
	for total > 0 {
		if batchSize > total {
			batchSize = total
		}
		taskSizes = append(taskSizes, batchSize)
		total -= batchSize
	}

	var indexOrder map[int64]int
	if !e.indexPlan.OutOfOrder {
		// Save the index order.
		indexOrder = make(map[int64]int, len(handles))
		for i, h := range handles {
			indexOrder[h] = i
		}
	}

	tasks := make([]*lookupTableTask, len(taskSizes))
	for i, size := range taskSizes {
		task := &lookupTableTask{
			handles:    handles[:size],
			indexOrder: indexOrder,
		}
		task.doneCh = make(chan error, 1)
		handles = handles[size:]

		tasks[i] = task
	}

	return tasks
}

// pickAndExecTask is a worker function, the common usage is
// go e.pickAndExecTask(ch)
func (e *XSelectIndexExec) pickAndExecTask(ch <-chan *lookupTableTask) {
	for task := range ch {
		err := e.executeTask(task)
		task.doneCh <- err
	}
}

// ExecuteTask executes a lookup table task.
// It works like executing an XSelectTableExec, except that the ranges are built from a slice of handles
// rather than table ranges. It sends the request to all the regions containing those handles.
func (e *XSelectIndexExec) executeTask(task *lookupTableTask) error {
	sort.Sort(int64Slice(task.handles))
	tblResult, err := e.doTableRequest(task.handles)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Trace(err)
	}
	task.rows, err = e.extractRowsFromTableResult(e.table, tblResult)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Trace(err)
	}
	if !e.indexPlan.OutOfOrder {
		// Restore the index order.
		sorter := &rowsSorter{order: task.indexOrder, rows: task.rows}
		if e.indexPlan.Desc && !e.supportDesc {
			sort.Sort(sort.Reverse(sorter))
		} else {
			sort.Sort(sorter)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (e *XSelectIndexExec) extractRowsFromTableResult(t table.Table, tblResult distsql.SelectResult) ([]*Row, error) {
	defer tblResult.Close()
	var rows []*Row
	for {
		partialResult, err := tblResult.Next()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		if partialResult == nil {
			break
		}
		subRows, err := e.extractRowsFromPartialResult(t, partialResult)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		rows = append(rows, subRows...)
	}
	return rows, nil
}

func (e *XSelectIndexExec) extractRowsFromPartialResult(t table.Table, partialResult distsql.PartialResult) ([]*Row, error) {
	defer partialResult.Close()
	var rows []*Row
	for {
		h, rowData, err := partialResult.Next()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		if rowData == nil {
			break
		}
		values := make([]types.Datum, e.Schema().Len())
		err = codec.SetRawValues(rowData, values)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		err = decodeRawValues(values, e.Schema())
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		row := resultRowToRow(t, h, values, e.indexPlan.TableAsName)
		rows = append(rows, row)
	}
	return rows, nil
}

func (e *XSelectIndexExec) doTableRequest(handles []int64) (distsql.SelectResult, error) {
	// The handles are not in original index order, so we can't push limit here.
	selTableReq := new(tipb.SelectRequest)
	if e.indexPlan.OutOfOrder {
		selTableReq.Limit = e.indexPlan.LimitCount
		selTableReq.OrderBy = e.indexPlan.SortItemsPB
	}
	selTableReq.StartTs = e.startTS
	selTableReq.TimeZoneOffset = timeZoneOffset()
	selTableReq.Flags = statementContextToFlags(e.ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx)
	selTableReq.TableInfo = &tipb.TableInfo{
		TableId: e.table.Meta().ID,
	}
	selTableReq.TableInfo.Columns = distsql.ColumnsToProto(e.indexPlan.Columns, e.table.Meta().PKIsHandle)
	err := setPBColumnsDefaultValue(e.ctx, selTableReq.TableInfo.Columns, e.indexPlan.Columns)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Trace(err)
	}
	selTableReq.Where = e.where
	// Aggregate Info
	selTableReq.Aggregates = e.aggFuncs
	selTableReq.GroupBy = e.byItems
	keyRanges := tableHandlesToKVRanges(e.table.Meta().ID, handles)
	// Use the table scan concurrency variable to do table request.
	concurrency := e.ctx.GetSessionVars().DistSQLScanConcurrency
	resp, err := distsql.Select(e.ctx.GetClient(), goctx.Background(), selTableReq, keyRanges, concurrency, false)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, errors.Trace(err)
	}
	resp.Fetch(e.ctx.GoCtx())
	return resp, nil
}

// XSelectTableExec represents the DistSQL select table executor.
// Its execution is pushed down to KV layer.
type XSelectTableExec struct {
	tableInfo   *model.TableInfo
	table       table.Table
	asName      *model.CIStr
	ctx         context.Context
	supportDesc bool
	isMemDB     bool

	// result returns one or more distsql.PartialResult and each PartialResult is return by one region.
	result        distsql.SelectResult
	partialResult distsql.PartialResult

	where        *tipb.Expr
	Columns      []*model.ColumnInfo
	schema       *expression.Schema
	ranges       []types.IntColumnRange
	desc         bool
	limitCount   *int64
	returnedRows uint64 // returned rowCount
	keepOrder    bool
	startTS      uint64
	orderByList  []*tipb.ByItem

	/*
	   The following attributes are used for aggregation push down.
	   aggFuncs is the aggregation functions in protobuf format. They will be added to distsql request msg.
	   byItem is the groupby items in protobuf format. They will be added to distsql request msg.
	   aggFields is used to decode returned rows from distsql.
	   aggregate indicates of the executor is handling aggregate result.
	   It is more convenient to use a single varible than use a long condition.
	*/
	aggFuncs  []*tipb.Expr
	byItems   []*tipb.ByItem
	aggregate bool

	execStart    time.Time
	partialCount int
}

// Schema implements the Executor Schema interface.
func (e *XSelectTableExec) Schema() *expression.Schema {
	return e.schema
}

// doRequest sends a *tipb.SelectRequest via kv.Client and gets the distsql.SelectResult.
func (e *XSelectTableExec) doRequest() error {
	selReq := new(tipb.SelectRequest)
	selReq.StartTs = e.startTS
	selReq.TimeZoneOffset = timeZoneOffset()
	selReq.Flags = statementContextToFlags(e.ctx.GetSessionVars().StmtCtx)
	selReq.Where = e.where
	selReq.TableInfo = &tipb.TableInfo{
		TableId: e.tableInfo.ID,
	}
	selReq.TableInfo.Columns = distsql.ColumnsToProto(e.Columns, e.tableInfo.PKIsHandle)
	err := setPBColumnsDefaultValue(e.ctx, selReq.TableInfo.Columns, e.Columns)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Trace(err)
	}
	if len(e.orderByList) > 0 {
		selReq.OrderBy = e.orderByList
	} else if e.supportDesc && e.desc {
		selReq.OrderBy = []*tipb.ByItem{{Desc: e.desc}}
	}
	selReq.Limit = e.limitCount
	// Aggregate Info
	selReq.Aggregates = e.aggFuncs
	selReq.GroupBy = e.byItems

	kvRanges := tableRangesToKVRanges(e.table.Meta().ID, e.ranges)
	e.result, err = distsql.Select(e.ctx.GetClient(), goctx.Background(), selReq, kvRanges, e.ctx.GetSessionVars().DistSQLScanConcurrency, e.keepOrder)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Trace(err)
	}
	e.result.Fetch(e.ctx.GoCtx())
	return nil
}

// Close implements the Executor Close interface.
func (e *XSelectTableExec) Close() error {
	err := closeAll(e.result, e.partialResult)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.Trace(err)
	}
	e.result = nil
	e.partialResult = nil
	e.returnedRows = 0
	e.partialCount = 0
	return nil
}

// Next implements the Executor interface.
func (e *XSelectTableExec) Next() (*Row, error) {
	if e.limitCount != nil && e.returnedRows >= uint64(*e.limitCount) {
		return nil, nil
	}
	if e.result == nil {
		e.execStart = time.Now()
		err := e.doRequest()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
	}
	for {
		// Get partial result.
		if e.partialResult == nil {
			var err error
			e.partialResult, err = e.result.Next()
			if err != nil {
				return nil, errors.Trace(err)
			}
			if e.partialResult == nil {
				// Finished.
				duration := time.Since(e.execStart)
				if duration > minLogDuration {
					connID := e.ctx.GetSessionVars().ConnectionID
					log.Infof("[%d] [TIME_TABLE_SCAN] %s", connID, e.slowQueryInfo(duration))
				}
				return nil, nil
			}
			e.partialCount++
		}
		// Get a row from partial result.
		h, rowData, err := e.partialResult.Next()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		if rowData == nil {
			// Finish the current partial result and get the next one.
			e.partialResult.Close()
			e.partialResult = nil
			continue
		}
		e.returnedRows++
		values := make([]types.Datum, e.schema.Len())
		err = codec.SetRawValues(rowData, values)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		err = decodeRawValues(values, e.schema)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Trace(err)
		}
		if e.aggregate {
			// compose aggregate row
			return &Row{Data: values}, nil
		}
		return resultRowToRow(e.table, h, values, e.asName), nil
	}
}

func (e *XSelectTableExec) slowQueryInfo(duration time.Duration) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("time: %v, table: %s(%d), partials: %d, concurrency: %d, start_ts: %d, rows: %d",
		duration, e.tableInfo.Name, e.tableInfo.ID, e.partialCount, e.ctx.GetSessionVars().DistSQLScanConcurrency,
		e.startTS, e.returnedRows)
}

// timeZoneOffset returns the local time zone offset in seconds.
func timeZoneOffset() int64 {
	_, offset := time.Now().Zone()
	return int64(offset)
}

// statementContextToFlags converts StatementContext to tipb.SelectRequest.Flags.
func statementContextToFlags(sc *variable.StatementContext) uint64 {
	var flags uint64
	if sc.IgnoreTruncate {
		flags |= xeval.FlagIgnoreTruncate
	} else if sc.TruncateAsWarning {
		flags |= xeval.FlagTruncateAsWarning
	}
	return flags
}

func setPBColumnsDefaultValue(ctx context.Context, pbColumns []*tipb.ColumnInfo, columns []*model.ColumnInfo) error {
	for i, c := range columns {
		if c.OriginDefaultValue == nil {
			continue
		}

		sessVars := ctx.GetSessionVars()
		originStrict := sessVars.StrictSQLMode
		sessVars.StrictSQLMode = false
		d, err := table.GetColOriginDefaultValue(ctx, c)
		sessVars.StrictSQLMode = originStrict
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Trace(err)
		}

		pbColumns[i].DefaultVal, err = tablecodec.EncodeValue(d)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Trace(err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}