DEV: Upgrade Rails to version 7.1 (#27539)

* DEV: Upgrade Rails to 7.1

* FIX: Remove references to `Rails.logger.chained`

`Rails.logger.chained` was provided by Logster before Rails 7.1
introduced their broadcast logger. Now all the loggers are added to
`Rails.logger.broadcasts`.

Some code in our initializers was still using `chained` instead of
`broadcasts`.

* DEV: Make parameters optional to all FakeLogger methods

* FIX: Set `override_level` on Logster loggers (#27519)

A followup to f595d599dd361b7fb39fb3c82cbc11d19d518c19

* FIX: Don’t duplicate Rack response

---------

Co-authored-by: Jarek Radosz <jradosz@gmail.com>

spec/requests/application_controller_spec.rb

@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ RSpec.describe ApplicationController do
 
       expect(log).not_to include("exception app middleware")
 
-      expect(response.parsed_body).to eq("status" => 400, "error" => "Bad Request")
+      expect(response.status).to eq(400)
     end
   end