DEV: Overhaul devcontainer configuration (#28446)

- Uses a more appropriate image, with immutable tag (so update prompts work correctly)
- Updates port forwarding
- Improves mount setup (inc. persistant PG/Redis when rebuilding)
- Fixes ember-cli live reload
- Automatically configures VSCode & extensions

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -1,16 +1,37 @@
 {
   "name": "Discourse",
-  "image": "discourse/discourse_dev:release",
-  "workspaceMount": "source=${localWorkspaceFolder}/../..,target=/var/www/discourse,type=bind",
-  "workspaceFolder": "/var/www/discourse",
-  "settings": {
-    "search.followSymlinks": false
-  },
-  "postStartCommand": "sudo /sbin/boot",
-  "extensions": ["rebornix.Ruby"],
-  "forwardPorts": [9292],
+  "image": "docker.io/discourse/discourse_dev:20241111-0710",
+  "workspaceMount": "source=${localWorkspaceFolder},target=/workspace/discourse,type=bind",
+  "workspaceFolder": "/workspace/discourse",
+  "postStartCommand": "./.devcontainer/scripts/start.rb",
+  "forwardPorts": [
+    9292, // bin/unicorn
+    3000, // bin/rails s
+    4200, // ember-cli
+    8025, // mailhog
+    9229  // chrome remote debug
+  ],
   "remoteUser": "discourse",
   "remoteEnv": {
-    "DISCOURSE_DEV_HOSTS": ".githubpreview.dev"
+    "RAILS_DEVELOPMENT_HOSTS": ".app.github.dev",
+    "PGUSER": "discourse",
+    "SELENIUM_FORWARD_DEVTOOLS_TO_PORT": "9229",
+  },
+  "mounts": [
+    "source=${localWorkspaceFolderBasename}-node_modules,target=${containerWorkspaceFolder}/node_modules,type=volume",
+    "source=${localWorkspaceFolderBasename}-pg,target=/shared/postgres_data,type=volume",
+    "source=${localWorkspaceFolderBasename}-redis,target=/shared/redis,type=volume"
+  ],
+  "customizations": {
+    "vscode": {
+      "extensions": [
+        "Shopify.ruby-lsp",
+        "esbenp.prettier-vscode",
+        "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint",
+        "ruby-syntax-tree.vscode-syntax-tree",
+        "lifeart.vscode-glimmer-syntax",
+        "typed-ember.glint-vscode"
+      ]
+    }
   }
 }

.devcontainer/scripts/start.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+puts "👋 Welcome to the Discourse devcontainer! Let's get everything ready..."
+
+puts "Setting permissions on volume mounts..."
+system "sudo chown discourse .", exception: true
+system "sudo chown discourse node_modules", exception: true
+system "sudo chown -R postgres /shared/postgres_data", exception: true
+
+puts "Starting services..."
+fork do
+  Process.daemon
+  exec "sudo nohup /sbin/boot"
+end
+
+system "cp -n .vscode/settings.json.sample .vscode/settings.json", exception: true
+system "cp -n .vscode/tasks.json.sample .vscode/tasks.json", exception: true
+
+puts <<~TXT
+  🎉 All done!
+
+  Next steps:
+    1. Cmd/Ctrl + Shift + B to run the shortcuts/boot-dev task
+    2. Wait for the server to start
+    3. Open your browser to http://localhost:4200
+TXT