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add common table expression in MySQL (#314)

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This commit is contained in:
Aristoeu 2021-09-02 14:24:01 +08:00 committed by wangzelin.wzl
parent 5f209b30fe
commit 153f16ad8a
33 changed files with 136129 additions and 40650 deletions
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10
src/share/ob_errno.cpp
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@ -12013,6 +12013,16 @@ static struct ObStrErrorInit
ORACLE_ERRNO[-OB_ERR_ILL_NAME_STRING] = 21560;
ORACLE_STR_ERROR[-OB_ERR_ILL_NAME_STRING] = "ORA-21560: unexpected name string '%.*s'";
ORACLE_STR_USER_ERROR[-OB_ERR_ILL_NAME_STRING] = "ORA-21560: unexpected name string '%.*s'";
ERROR_NAME[-OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS] = "OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS";
ERROR_CAUSE[-OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS] = "Internal Error";
ERROR_SOLUTION[-OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS] = "Contact OceanBase Support";
MYSQL_ERRNO[-OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS] = -1;
SQLSTATE[-OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS] = "HY000";
STR_ERROR[-OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS] = "Recursive Common Table Expression should have one or more non-recursive query blocks followed by one or more recursive ones";
STR_USER_ERROR[-OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS] = "Recursive Common Table Expression should have one or more non-recursive query blocks followed by one or more recursive ones: %s";
ORACLE_ERRNO[-OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS] = 600;
ORACLE_STR_ERROR[-OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS] = "ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: -5933, Recursive Common Table Expression should have one or more non-recursive query blocks followed by one or more recursive ones";
ORACLE_STR_USER_ERROR[-OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS] = "ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: -5933, Recursive Common Table Expression should have one or more non-recursive query blocks followed by one or more recursive ones: %s";
ERROR_NAME[-OB_ERR_INCORRECT_VALUE_FOR_FUNCTION] = "OB_ERR_INCORRECT_VALUE_FOR_FUNCTION";
ERROR_CAUSE[-OB_ERR_INCORRECT_VALUE_FOR_FUNCTION] = "Internal Error";
ERROR_SOLUTION[-OB_ERR_INCORRECT_VALUE_FOR_FUNCTION] = "Contact OceanBase Support";

1
src/share/ob_errno.def
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@ -1320,6 +1320,7 @@ DEFINE_ERROR_EXT(OB_ERR_WINDOW_NAME_IS_NOT_DEFINE, -5929, -1, "HY000", "Window n
DEFINE_ORACLE_ERROR(OB_ERR_OPEN_CURSORS_EXCEEDED, -5930, -1, "HY000", "maximum open cursors exceeded", 1000, "maximum open cursors exceeded");
DEFINE_ORACLE_ERROR(OB_ERR_ARG_INVALID, -5931, -1, "HY000", "argument is null, invalid, or out of range", 21560, "argument %.*s is null, invalid, or out of range");
DEFINE_ORACLE_ERROR(OB_ERR_ILL_NAME_STRING, -5932, -1, "HY000", "unexpected name string", 21560, "unexpected name string '%.*s'");
DEFINE_ERROR_EXT(OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS, -5933, -1, "HY000", "Recursive Common Table Expression should have one or more non-recursive query blocks followed by one or more recursive ones", "Recursive Common Table Expression should have one or more non-recursive query blocks followed by one or more recursive ones: %s");
DEFINE_ERROR_EXT(OB_ERR_INCORRECT_VALUE_FOR_FUNCTION, -5936, ER_WRONG_VALUE_FOR_TYPE, "HY000", "Incorrect value for function", "Incorrect %.*s value: '%.*s' for function %.*s");
DEFINE_ERROR_EXT(OB_ERR_USER_EXCEED_RESOURCE, -5967, 1226, "42000", "User has exceeded the resource", "User '%.*s' has exceeded the '%s' resource (current value: %lu)");

3
src/share/ob_errno.h
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@ -1026,6 +1026,7 @@ constexpr int OB_ERR_WINDOW_NAME_IS_NOT_DEFINE = -5929;
constexpr int OB_ERR_OPEN_CURSORS_EXCEEDED = -5930;
constexpr int OB_ERR_ARG_INVALID = -5931;
constexpr int OB_ERR_ILL_NAME_STRING = -5932;
constexpr int OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS = -5933;
constexpr int OB_ERR_INCORRECT_VALUE_FOR_FUNCTION = -5936;
constexpr int OB_ERR_USER_EXCEED_RESOURCE = -5967;
constexpr int OB_TRANSACTION_SET_VIOLATION = -6001;
@ -2428,6 +2429,7 @@ constexpr int OB_ERR_INVALID_DATE_MSG_FMT_V2 = -4219;
#define OB_ERR_OPEN_CURSORS_EXCEEDED__USER_ERROR_MSG "maximum open cursors exceeded"
#define OB_ERR_ARG_INVALID__USER_ERROR_MSG "argument is null, invalid, or out of range"
#define OB_ERR_ILL_NAME_STRING__USER_ERROR_MSG "unexpected name string"
#define OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS__USER_ERROR_MSG "Recursive Common Table Expression should have one or more non-recursive query blocks followed by one or more recursive ones: %s"
#define OB_ERR_INCORRECT_VALUE_FOR_FUNCTION__USER_ERROR_MSG "Incorrect %.*s value: '%.*s' for function %.*s"
#define OB_ERR_USER_EXCEED_RESOURCE__USER_ERROR_MSG "User '%.*s' has exceeded the '%s' resource (current value: %lu)"
#define OB_TRANSACTION_SET_VIOLATION__USER_ERROR_MSG "Transaction set changed during the execution"
@ -3848,6 +3850,7 @@ constexpr int OB_ERR_INVALID_DATE_MSG_FMT_V2 = -4219;
#define OB_ERR_OPEN_CURSORS_EXCEEDED__ORA_USER_ERROR_MSG "ORA-01000: maximum open cursors exceeded"
#define OB_ERR_ARG_INVALID__ORA_USER_ERROR_MSG "ORA-21560: argument %.*s is null, invalid, or out of range"
#define OB_ERR_ILL_NAME_STRING__ORA_USER_ERROR_MSG "ORA-21560: unexpected name string '%.*s'"
#define OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS__ORA_USER_ERROR_MSG "ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: -5933, Recursive Common Table Expression should have one or more non-recursive query blocks followed by one or more recursive ones: %s"
#define OB_ERR_INCORRECT_VALUE_FOR_FUNCTION__ORA_USER_ERROR_MSG "ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: -5936, Incorrect %.*s value: '%.*s' for function %.*s"
#define OB_ERR_USER_EXCEED_RESOURCE__ORA_USER_ERROR_MSG "ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: -5967, User '%.*s' has exceeded the '%s' resource (current value: %lu)"
#define OB_TRANSACTION_SET_VIOLATION__ORA_USER_ERROR_MSG "ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: -6001, Transaction set changed during the execution"

1
src/sql/parser/sql_parser_mysql_mode.l
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@ -272,6 +272,7 @@ READ { REPUT_TOKEN_NEG_SIGN(READ); }
READ_WRITE { REPUT_TOKEN_NEG_SIGN(READ_WRITE); }
READS { REPUT_TOKEN_NEG_SIGN(READS); }
REAL { REPUT_TOKEN_NEG_SIGN(REAL); }
RECURSIVE { REPUT_TOKEN_NEG_SIGN(RECURSIVE); }
RELEASE { REPUT_TOKEN_NEG_SIGN(RELEASE); }
REFERENCES { REPUT_TOKEN_NEG_SIGN(REFERENCES); }
REGEXP { REPUT_TOKEN_NEG_SIGN(REGEXP); }

140
src/sql/parser/sql_parser_mysql_mode.y
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@ -331,6 +331,7 @@ END_P SET_VAR DELIMITER
%type <node> insert_vals_list insert_vals value_or_values
%type <node> select_with_parens select_no_parens select_clause select_into no_table_select_with_order_and_limit simple_select_with_order_and_limit select_with_parens_with_order_and_limit select_clause_set select_clause_set_left select_clause_set_right select_clause_set_with_order_and_limit
%type <node> simple_select no_table_select limit_clause select_expr_list
%type <node> with_select with_clause with_list common_table_expr opt_column_alias_name_list alias_name_list column_alias_name
%type <node> opt_where opt_hint_value opt_groupby opt_rollup opt_order_by order_by opt_having groupby_clause
%type <node> opt_limit_clause limit_expr opt_for_update opt_for_update_wait
%type <node> sort_list sort_key opt_asc_desc sort_list_for_group_by sort_key_for_group_by opt_asc_desc_for_group_by opt_column_id
@ -6645,6 +6646,10 @@ select_no_parens opt_when
{
$$ = $1;
}
| with_select
{
$$ = $1;
}
;
// for select_into
@ -6667,7 +6672,10 @@ select_no_parens into_clause
select_with_parens:
'(' select_no_parens ')' { $$ = $2; }
| '(' select_with_parens ')' { $$ = $2; }
;
| '(' with_select ')'
{
$$ = $2;
};
select_no_parens:
select_clause opt_for_update
@ -8880,6 +8888,135 @@ OUTER { $$ = NULL; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NULL; }
;
/*****************************************************************************
*
* with clause (common table expression) (Mysql CTE grammer implement)
*
*
*****************************************************************************/
with_select:
with_clause select_no_parens opt_when
{
$$ = $2;
$$->children_[PARSE_SELECT_WHEN] = $3;
if (NULL == $$->children_[PARSE_SELECT_FOR_UPD] && NULL != $3)
{
malloc_terminal_node($$->children_[PARSE_SELECT_FOR_UPD], result->malloc_pool_, T_INT);
$$->children_[PARSE_SELECT_FOR_UPD]->value_ = -1;
}
$$->children_[PARSE_SELECT_WITH] = $1;
}
| with_clause select_with_parens
{
$$ = $2;
$$->children_[PARSE_SELECT_WITH] = $1;
}
;
with_clause:
WITH with_list
{
ParseNode *with_list = NULL;
merge_nodes(with_list, result, T_WITH_CLAUSE_LIST, $2);
$$ = with_list;
$$->value_ = 0;
}
|
WITH RECURSIVE with_list
{
ParseNode *with_list = NULL;
merge_nodes(with_list, result, T_WITH_CLAUSE_LIST, $3);
$$ = with_list;
$$->value_ = 1;
}/*
|
WITH RECURSIVE common_table_expr
{
$$ = $3;
$$->value_ = 0;
}*/
;
with_list:
with_list ',' common_table_expr
{
malloc_non_terminal_node($$, result->malloc_pool_, T_LINK_NODE, 2, $1, $3);
}
|common_table_expr
{
$$ = $1;
}
;
common_table_expr:
relation_name opt_column_alias_name_list AS '(' select_no_parens ')'
{
malloc_non_terminal_node($$, result->malloc_pool_, T_WITH_CLAUSE_AS, 5, $1, $2, $5, NULL, NULL);
}
| relation_name opt_column_alias_name_list AS '(' with_select ')'
{
malloc_non_terminal_node($$, result->malloc_pool_, T_WITH_CLAUSE_AS, 5, $1, $2, $5, NULL, NULL);
}
| relation_name opt_column_alias_name_list AS '(' select_with_parens ')'
{
if ($5->children_[PARSE_SELECT_ORDER] != NULL && $5->children_[PARSE_SELECT_FETCH] == NULL) {
yyerror(NULL, result, "only order by clause can't occur subquery\n");
YYABORT_PARSE_SQL_ERROR;
} else {
malloc_non_terminal_node($$, result->malloc_pool_, T_WITH_CLAUSE_AS, 5, $1, $2, $5, NULL, NULL);
}
}
;
opt_column_alias_name_list:
'(' alias_name_list ')'
{
ParseNode *col_alias_list = NULL;
merge_nodes(col_alias_list, result, T_COLUMN_LIST, $2);
$$ = col_alias_list;
}
|/*EMPTY*/
{ $$ = NULL; }
;
alias_name_list:
column_alias_name
{
$$ = $1;
}
|alias_name_list ',' column_alias_name
{
malloc_non_terminal_node($$, result->malloc_pool_, T_LINK_NODE, 2, $1, $3);
}
;
column_alias_name:
column_name
{
$$ = $1;
}
;
/*
search_list:
search_key
{ $$ = $1; }
| search_list ',' search_key
{ malloc_non_terminal_node($$, result->malloc_pool_, T_LINK_NODE, 2, $1, $3); }
;
search_key:
column_name opt_asc_desc
{
malloc_non_terminal_node($$, result->malloc_pool_, T_SORT_KEY, 2, $1, $2);
}
;*/
/*****************************************************************************
*
* CREATE OUTLINE grammar
@ -13189,6 +13326,7 @@ ACCOUNT
| REBUILD
| RECOVER
| RECOVERY
| RECURSIVE
| RECYCLE
| RECYCLEBIN
| ROTATE

38932
src/sql/parser/sql_parser_mysql_mode_lex.c
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71930
src/sql/parser/sql_parser_mysql_mode_lex.h
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43013
src/sql/parser/sql_parser_mysql_mode_tab.c
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51
src/sql/resolver/dml/ob_select_resolver.cpp
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@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ int ObSelectResolver::do_resolve_set_query_in_cte(const ParseNode& parse_tree)
right_resolver.set_current_level(current_level_);
right_resolver.set_in_set_query(true);
right_resolver.set_parent_namespace_resolver(parent_namespace_resolver_);
right_resolver.set_resolver(&left_resolver);
OC((left_resolver.set_cte_ctx)(cte_ctx_));
OC((right_resolver.set_cte_ctx)(cte_ctx_));
@ -124,6 +125,7 @@ int ObSelectResolver::do_resolve_set_query_in_cte(const ParseNode& parse_tree)
LOG_WARN("failed to identify anchor member", K(ret));
} else if (!need_swap_child) {
left_select_stmt = identify_anchor_resolver.get_child_stmt();
right_resolver.set_resolver(&identify_anchor_resolver);
} else {
left_member = PARSE_SELECT_LATER;
right_member = PARSE_SELECT_FORMER;
@ -136,6 +138,26 @@ int ObSelectResolver::do_resolve_set_query_in_cte(const ParseNode& parse_tree)
}
}
if (OB_SUCC(ret)) {
if (!params_.has_cte_param_list_ && right_resolver.saved_left_resolver != NULL &&
!right_resolver.saved_left_resolver->cte_ctx_.cte_col_names_.empty()) {
right_resolver.cte_ctx_.cte_col_names_.reset();
cte_ctx_.cte_col_names_.reset();
for (int64_t i = 0; OB_SUCC(ret) && i < right_resolver.saved_left_resolver->cte_ctx_.cte_col_names_.count(); ++i) {
if (OB_FAIL(right_resolver.cte_ctx_.cte_col_names_.push_back(
right_resolver.saved_left_resolver->cte_ctx_.cte_col_names_.at(i)))) { // to right resolver
ret = OB_ERR_UNEXPECTED;
LOG_WARN("pass cte column name to child resolver failed");
}
if (OB_FAIL(cte_ctx_.cte_col_names_.push_back(
right_resolver.saved_left_resolver->cte_ctx_.cte_col_names_.at(i)))) { // to parent resolver
ret = OB_ERR_UNEXPECTED;
LOG_WARN("pass cte column name to child resolver failed");
}
}
}
}
if (OB_FAIL(ret)) {
} else if (OB_FALSE_IT(right_resolver.cte_ctx_.set_recursive_right_branch(
left_select_stmt, parse_tree.children_[left_member], !select_stmt->is_set_distinct()))) {
@ -449,6 +471,7 @@ int ObSelectResolver::set_cte_ctx(ObCteResolverCtx& cte_ctx, bool copy_col_name
{
int ret = OB_SUCCESS;
cte_ctx_ = cte_ctx;
cte_ctx_.is_recursive_cte_ = false;
cte_ctx_.cte_col_names_.reset();
cte_ctx_.is_cte_subquery_ = in_subquery;
if (cte_ctx_.is_with_resolver())
@ -1517,6 +1540,13 @@ int ObSelectResolver::resolve_field_list(const ParseNode& node)
} else { /*do nothing*/
}
// add for cte:
if (OB_SUCC(ret) && !params_.has_cte_param_list_) {
if (OB_FAIL(cte_ctx_.cte_col_names_.push_back(select_item.alias_name_))) {
LOG_WARN("push back column alia name failed", K(ret));
}
}
} // end for
// for aggr exprs in having clause to remove duplicate;
@ -2130,12 +2160,12 @@ int ObSelectResolver::resolve_with_clause(const ParseNode* node, bool same_level
ObSelectStmt* select_stmt = NULL;
TableItem* table_item = NULL;
bool duplicate_name = false;
if (NULL != node && cte_ctx_.is_with_resolver() && same_level == false){
LOG_DEBUG("same_level = false, oracle not supported, mysql feature");
}
if (OB_ISNULL(select_stmt = get_select_stmt())) {
ret = OB_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
LOG_WARN("invalid argument", K(ret), K(select_stmt), K_(node->type));
} else if (NULL != node && cte_ctx_.is_with_resolver() && same_level == false) {
ret = OB_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_USE_OF_CTE;
LOG_WARN("invalid argument, oracle cte do not support a with clause nest", K(select_stmt), K_(node->type));
} else if (OB_ISNULL(node)) {
// do nothing
} else if (OB_UNLIKELY(node->type_ != T_WITH_CLAUSE_LIST)) {
@ -2144,6 +2174,10 @@ int ObSelectResolver::resolve_with_clause(const ParseNode* node, bool same_level
LOG_WARN("resolver with_clause_as met unexpected node type", K_(node->type));
} else {
int num_child = node->num_child_;
if (node->value_ == 0)
params_.has_recursive_word = false;
else
params_.has_recursive_word = true;
for (int64_t i = 0; OB_SUCC(ret) && i < num_child; ++i) {
// alias tblname [(alia colname1, alia colname2)](subquery) [search clause][cycle clause]
ParseNode* child_node = node->children_[i];
@ -2981,7 +3015,7 @@ int ObSelectResolver::add_fake_schema(ObSelectStmt* left_stmt)
ObColumnRefRawExpr* select_expr = static_cast<ObColumnRefRawExpr*>(expr);
ObColumnSchemaV2* new_col = static_cast<ObColumnSchemaV2*>(allocator_->alloc(sizeof(ObColumnSchemaV2)));
new_col = new (new_col) ObColumnSchemaV2(allocator_);
new_col->set_column_name(cte_ctx_.cte_col_names_.at(i));
new_col->set_column_name(saved_left_resolver->cte_ctx_.cte_col_names_.at(i));
new_col->set_tenant_id(tbl_schema->get_tenant_id());
new_col->set_table_id(magic_table_id);
new_col->set_column_id(magic_col_id + i);
@ -3010,7 +3044,9 @@ int ObSelectResolver::get_opt_alias_colnames_for_recursive_cte(ObIArray<ObString
int ret = OB_SUCCESS;
if (OB_ISNULL(parse_tree)) {
LOG_DEBUG("the opt_alias_colnames parse tree is null");
params_.has_cte_param_list_ = false;
} else {
params_.has_cte_param_list_ = true;
int64_t alias_num = parse_tree->num_child_;
for (int64_t i = 0; OB_SUCC(ret) && i < alias_num; ++i) {
if (parse_tree->children_[i]->str_len_ <= 0) {
@ -5456,7 +5492,12 @@ int ObSelectResolver::identify_anchor_member(
if (OB_FAIL(identify_anchor_resolver.resolve_child_stmt(parse_tree))) {
if (OB_ERR_NEED_INIT_BRANCH_IN_RECURSIVE_CTE == ret) {
need_swap_childa = true;
ret = OB_SUCCESS;
if (is_oracle_mode()){
ret = OB_SUCCESS;
} else if (params_.has_recursive_word) {
ret = OB_ERR_CTE_NEED_QUERY_BLOCKS; // mysql error: Recursive Common Table Expression 'cte' should have one or
// more non-recursive query blocks followed by one or more recursive ones
}
} else {
LOG_WARN("Failed to find anchor member", K(ret));
}

5
src/sql/resolver/dml/ob_select_resolver.h
View File

@ -229,6 +229,9 @@ public:
}
// function members
TO_STRING_KV(K_(has_calc_found_rows), K_(has_top_limit), K_(in_set_query), K_(in_subquery));
void set_resolver(ObSelectResolver* resolver){
saved_left_resolver = resolver;
}
protected:
int resolve_set_query(const ParseNode& parse_node);
@ -432,6 +435,8 @@ protected:
bool in_subquery_;
// query is subquery in exists
bool in_exists_subquery_;
ObSelectResolver* saved_left_resolver = NULL;
// used to store left resolver and get alias name
ObStandardGroupChecker standard_group_checker_;
const TransposeItem* transpose_item_;

4
src/sql/resolver/ob_resolver_define.h
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@ -287,6 +287,8 @@ struct ObResolverParams {
new_gen_wid_(1),
is_multi_table_insert_(false),
is_resolve_table_function_expr_(false),
has_cte_param_list_(false),
has_recursive_word(false),
is_column_ref_(true)
{}
bool is_force_trace_log()
@ -340,6 +342,8 @@ private:
public:
bool is_multi_table_insert_; // used to mark is multi table insert
bool is_resolve_table_function_expr_; // used to mark resolve table function expr.
bool has_cte_param_list_;
bool has_recursive_word;
bool is_column_ref_; // used to mark normal column ref
};
} // end namespace sql

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test/mysql_test/test_suite/with_clause/r/mysql/basic_mysql.result Normal file
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72
test/mysql_test/test_suite/with_clause/r/mysql/cte_errno_mysql.result Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
with cte(a,b) as (select 1 from dual) select * from cte;
ERROR 5740 (HY000): number of WITH clause column names does not match number of elements in select list
with cte(a,b) as (with cte2(a,b) as (select 1,1 from dual) select a,b from cte) select * from cte;
ERROR 5742 (HY000): recursive WITH clause must use a UNION ALL operation
with cte(a,a) as (select 1 from dual) select * from cte;
ERROR 5751 (HY000): duplicate name found in column alias list for WITH clause
with cte as (select 1,1 from dual union all select a+1,b+1 from cte where cte.a < 10) select * from cte;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'cte.a' in 'where clause'
# MySQL不支持search depth关键字
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select 1,2,3 from dual
union all
select a+1,b+1,c+1 from cte where cte.c < 10
) search depth first by d set pcol select * from cte;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your OceanBase version for the right syntax to use near 'search depth first by d set pcol select * from cte' at line 6
# MySQL不支持cycle关键字
with cte(n, x) as (select /*+ materialize */ 1,2 from dual) cycle n,n set iscyc to 'aaaaay' default 'n' select * from cte;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your OceanBase version for the right syntax to use near 'cycle n,n set iscyc to 'aaaaay' default 'n' select * from cte' at line 1
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select 1,2,3 from dual
union
select a+1,b+1,c+1 from cte, cte b where cte.c < 10 and b.c = cte.c
) select * from cte;
ERROR 5742 (HY000): recursive WITH clause must use a UNION ALL operation
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select 1,2,3 from dual
union all
select 1,2,3 from dual
union all
select a+1,b+1,c+1 from cte, cte b where cte.c < 10 and b.c = cte.c
) select * from cte;
ERROR 5762 (HY000): recursive query name referenced more than once in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause element
with t1 as (select c1 from t1) select * from t1;
ERROR 5741 (HY000): recursive WITH clause must have column alias list
## success
with cte1(a,b) as (select 'a','b' from dual), cte2 as (select * from cte1 where b > 'c'), cte3 as (select * from cte2 where a > 1 union select * from cte2 where a > 1) select * from cte3;
Empty set
with cte(a) as (select 1,1 from dual union all select a+1, a+1 from cte where a+1 < 10) select * from cte;
ERROR 5740 (HY000): number of WITH clause column names does not match number of elements in select list
with cte(n) AS (select 1 from dual UNION ALL select n+1 from cte where n < 3 UNION ALL select 2 from dual) select * from cte;
ERROR 5743 (HY000): UNION ALL operation in recursive WITH clause must have only two branches
with cte(n) AS ( select 1 from dual UNION ALL select sum(n+1) from cte) select * from cte;
ERROR 5758 (HY000): unsupported operation in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause
with cte(n) AS ( select 1 from dual UNION ALL select (select 1 from dual) from cte where cte.n < 2) select * from cte;
ERROR 5746 (HY000): cycle detected while executing recursive WITH query
with cte (c1, c2, c3) as ( select * from ( select c1, c2, c3 from t1 union select c1, c2, c3 from t1) where c1 = 1 union all select * from t1 join cte c on t1.c1 = c.c1 where c.c1 < 10 ) select * from cte;
ERROR 1222 (21000): The used SELECT statements have a different number of columns
with cte(n) AS ( select 1 from cte) select * from cte;
ERROR 5742 (HY000): recursive WITH clause must use a UNION ALL operation
with cte(n) AS (select 1 from dual UNION ALL select n+1 from cte where n < 3 order by n ) select * from cte;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'n' in 'order clause'

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WITH RECURSIVE cte (n) AS
(
SELECT 1
UNION ALL
SELECT n + 1 FROM cte WHERE n < 5
)
SELECT * FROM cte;
+------+
| n |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
+------+
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT 1 AS n, CAST('abc' AS CHAR(20)) AS str
UNION ALL
SELECT n + 1, CONCAT(str, str) FROM cte WHERE n < 3
)
SELECT * FROM cte;
+------+--------------+
| n | str |
+------+--------------+
| 1 | abc |
| 2 | abcabc |
| 3 | abcabcabcabc |
+------+--------------+
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT 1 AS n, 1 AS p, -1 AS q
UNION ALL
SELECT n + 1, q * 2, p * 2 FROM cte WHERE n < 5
)
SELECT * FROM cte;
+------+------+------+
| n | p | q |
+------+------+------+
| 1 | 1 | -1 |
| 2 | -2 | 2 |
| 3 | 4 | -4 |
| 4 | -8 | 8 |
| 5 | 16 | -16 |
+------+------+------+
WITH RECURSIVE fibonacci (n, fib_n, next_fib_n) AS
(
SELECT 1, 0, 1
UNION ALL
SELECT n + 1, next_fib_n, fib_n + next_fib_n
FROM fibonacci WHERE n < 10
)
SELECT * FROM fibonacci;
+------+-------+------------+
| n | fib_n | next_fib_n |
+------+-------+------------+
| 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 3 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | 2 | 3 |
| 5 | 3 | 5 |
| 6 | 5 | 8 |
| 7 | 8 | 13 |
| 8 | 13 | 21 |
| 9 | 21 | 34 |
| 10 | 34 | 55 |
+------+-------+------------+
WITH RECURSIVE fibonacci (n, fib_n, next_fib_n) AS
(
SELECT 1, 0, 1
UNION ALL
SELECT n + 1, next_fib_n, fib_n + next_fib_n
FROM fibonacci WHERE n < 10
)
SELECT fib_n FROM fibonacci WHERE n = 8;
+-------+
| fib_n |
+-------+
| 13 |
+-------+
create table sales(date DATE,price NUMBER(7,2));
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-03', '%Y-%m-%d'),100);
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-03', '%Y-%m-%d'),200);
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-06', '%Y-%m-%d'),50);
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-08', '%Y-%m-%d'),10);
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-08', '%Y-%m-%d'),20);
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-08', '%Y-%m-%d'),150);
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-10', '%Y-%m-%d'),5);
SELECT * FROM sales ORDER BY date, price;
+------------+--------+
| date | price |
+------------+--------+
| 2017-01-03 | 100.00 |
| 2017-01-03 | 200.00 |
| 2017-01-06 | 50.00 |
| 2017-01-08 | 10.00 |
| 2017-01-08 | 20.00 |
| 2017-01-08 | 150.00 |
| 2017-01-10 | 5.00 |
+------------+--------+
SELECT date, SUM(price) AS sum_price
FROM sales
GROUP BY date
ORDER BY date;
+------------+-----------+
| date | sum_price |
+------------+-----------+
| 2017-01-03 | 300.00 |
| 2017-01-06 | 50.00 |
| 2017-01-08 | 180.00 |
| 2017-01-10 | 5.00 |
+------------+-----------+
WITH RECURSIVE dates (date) AS
(
SELECT MIN(date) FROM sales
UNION ALL
SELECT date + INTERVAL 1 DAY FROM dates
WHERE date + INTERVAL 1 DAY <= (SELECT MAX(date) FROM sales)
)
SELECT * FROM dates;
+------------+
| date |
+------------+
| 2017-01-03 |
| 2017-01-04 |
| 2017-01-05 |
| 2017-01-06 |
| 2017-01-07 |
| 2017-01-08 |
| 2017-01-09 |
| 2017-01-10 |
+------------+
WITH RECURSIVE dates (date) AS
(
SELECT MIN(date) FROM sales
UNION ALL
SELECT date + INTERVAL 1 DAY FROM dates
WHERE date + INTERVAL 1 DAY <= (SELECT MAX(date) FROM sales)
)
SELECT dates.date, COALESCE(SUM(price), 0) AS sum_price
FROM dates LEFT JOIN sales ON dates.date = sales.date
GROUP BY dates.date
ORDER BY dates.date;
+------------+-----------+
| date | sum_price |
+------------+-----------+
| 2017-01-03 | 300.00 |
| 2017-01-04 | 0.00 |
| 2017-01-05 | 0.00 |
| 2017-01-06 | 50.00 |
| 2017-01-07 | 0.00 |
| 2017-01-08 | 180.00 |
| 2017-01-09 | 0.00 |
| 2017-01-10 | 5.00 |
+------------+-----------+
################################################################################################
### PART 1 SQL syntax
################################################################################################
WITH cte1(txt) AS (SELECT "This "),
cte2(txt) AS (SELECT CONCAT(cte1.txt,"is a ") FROM cte1),
cte3(txt) AS (SELECT "nice query" UNION
SELECT "query that rocks" UNION
SELECT "query"),
cte4(txt) AS (SELECT concat(cte2.txt, cte3.txt) FROM cte2, cte3)
SELECT MAX(txt), MIN(txt) FROM cte4;
+----------------------------+----------------------+
| MAX(txt) | MIN(txt) |
+----------------------------+----------------------+
| This is a query that rocks | This is a nice query |
+----------------------------+----------------------+
WITH RECURSIVE my_cte AS
(
SELECT 1 AS n
UNION ALL
SELECT 1+n FROM my_cte WHERE n<10
)
SELECT * FROM my_cte;
+------+
| n |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| 7 |
| 8 |
| 9 |
| 10 |
+------+
CREATE TABLE numbers
WITH RECURSIVE my_cte(n) AS
(
SELECT 1
UNION ALL
SELECT 1+n FROM my_cte WHERE n<6
)
SELECT * FROM my_cte;
SELECT * FROM numbers;
+------+
| n |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
+------+
INSERT INTO numbers
WITH RECURSIVE my_cte(n) AS
(
SELECT 1
UNION ALL
SELECT 1+n FROM my_cte WHERE n<6
)
SELECT * FROM my_cte;
SELECT * FROM numbers;
+------+
| n |
+------+
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
| 1 |
| 2 |
| 3 |
| 4 |
| 5 |
| 6 |
+------+
DELETE FROM numbers
WHERE numbers.n >
(
WITH RECURSIVE my_cte(n) AS
(
SELECT 1
UNION ALL
SELECT 1+n FROM my_cte WHERE n<6
)
SELECT AVG(n)/2 FROM my_cte
);
SELECT * FROM numbers;
+------+
| n |
+------+
| 1 |
| 1 |
+------+
################################################################################################
### PART 2 generating series
################################################################################################
WITH RECURSIVE my_cte AS
(
SELECT 1 as f, 1 as next_f
UNION ALL
SELECT next_f, f+next_f FROM my_cte WHERE f < 500
)
SELECT * FROM my_cte;
+------+--------+
| f | next_f |
+------+--------+
| 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 2 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 3 | 5 |
| 5 | 8 |
| 8 | 13 |
| 13 | 21 |
| 21 | 34 |
| 34 | 55 |
| 55 | 89 |
| 89 | 144 |
| 144 | 233 |
| 233 | 377 |
| 377 | 610 |
| 610 | 987 |
+------+--------+
WITH RECURSIVE
digits AS
(
SELECT '0' AS d UNION ALL SELECT '1'
),
strings AS
(
SELECT CAST('' AS CHAR(4)) AS s
UNION ALL
SELECT CONCAT(strings.s, digits.d)
FROM strings, digits
WHERE LENGTH(strings.s) < 4
)
SELECT * FROM strings WHERE LENGTH(s)=4;
+------+
| s |
+------+
| 0000 |
| 0001 |
| 0010 |
| 0011 |
| 0100 |
| 0101 |
| 0110 |
| 0111 |
| 1000 |
| 1001 |
| 1010 |
| 1011 |
| 1100 |
| 1101 |
| 1110 |
| 1111 |
+------+
################################################################################################
### PART 3 hierarchies
################################################################################################
CREATE TABLE category(
category_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
parent INT DEFAULT NULL
);
INSERT INTO category VALUES(1,'ELECTRONICS',NULL),(2,'TELEVISIONS',1),(3,'TUBE',2),
(4,'LCD',2),(5,'PLASMA',2),(6,'PORTABLE ELECTRONICS',1),(7,'MP3 PLAYERS',6),(8,'FLASH',7),
(9,'CD PLAYERS',6),(10,'2 WAY RADIOS',6);
SELECT * FROM category ORDER BY category_id;
+-------------+----------------------+--------+
| category_id | name | parent |
+-------------+----------------------+--------+
| 1 | ELECTRONICS | NULL |
| 2 | TELEVISIONS | 1 |
| 3 | TUBE | 2 |
| 4 | LCD | 2 |
| 5 | PLASMA | 2 |
| 6 | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | 1 |
| 7 | MP3 PLAYERS | 6 |
| 8 | FLASH | 7 |
| 9 | CD PLAYERS | 6 |
| 10 | 2 WAY RADIOS | 6 |
+-------------+----------------------+--------+
#Retrieving a Full Tree
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
# seed SELECT
SELECT category_id, name FROM category WHERE parent IS NULL
UNION ALL
# recursive SELECT
SELECT c.category_id, c.name FROM category c JOIN cte
ON cte.category_id=c.parent # find children
)
SELECT category_id, name FROM cte;
+-------------+----------------------+
| category_id | name |
+-------------+----------------------+
| 1 | ELECTRONICS |
| 6 | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS |
| 2 | TELEVISIONS |
| 10 | 2 WAY RADIOS |
| 9 | CD PLAYERS |
| 7 | MP3 PLAYERS |
| 5 | PLASMA |
| 4 | LCD |
| 3 | TUBE |
| 8 | FLASH |
+-------------+----------------------+
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT category_id, name, 0 AS depth FROM category WHERE parent IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT c.category_id, c.name, cte.depth+1 FROM category c JOIN cte ON
cte.category_id=c.parent
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY depth;
+-------------+----------------------+-------+
| category_id | name | depth |
+-------------+----------------------+-------+
| 1 | ELECTRONICS | 0 |
| 6 | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | 1 |
| 2 | TELEVISIONS | 1 |
| 10 | 2 WAY RADIOS | 2 |
| 9 | CD PLAYERS | 2 |
| 7 | MP3 PLAYERS | 2 |
| 5 | PLASMA | 2 |
| 4 | LCD | 2 |
| 3 | TUBE | 2 |
| 8 | FLASH | 3 |
+-------------+----------------------+-------+
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT category_id, name, CAST(category_id AS CHAR(200)) AS path
FROM category WHERE parent IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT c.category_id, c.name, CONCAT(cte.path, ",", c.category_id)
FROM category c JOIN cte ON cte.category_id=c.parent
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY path;
+-------------+----------------------+---------+
| category_id | name | path |
+-------------+----------------------+---------+
| 1 | ELECTRONICS | 1 |
| 2 | TELEVISIONS | 1,2 |
| 3 | TUBE | 1,2,3 |
| 4 | LCD | 1,2,4 |
| 5 | PLASMA | 1,2,5 |
| 6 | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | 1,6 |
| 10 | 2 WAY RADIOS | 1,6,10 |
| 7 | MP3 PLAYERS | 1,6,7 |
| 8 | FLASH | 1,6,7,8 |
| 9 | CD PLAYERS | 1,6,9 |
+-------------+----------------------+---------+
#Finding all the leaf nodes
SELECT category_id, name FROM category
WHERE category_id NOT IN
# IDs of all parents:
(SELECT parent FROM category WHERE parent IS NOT NULL);
+-------------+--------------+
| category_id | name |
+-------------+--------------+
| 3 | TUBE |
| 4 | LCD |
| 5 | PLASMA |
| 8 | FLASH |
| 9 | CD PLAYERS |
| 10 | 2 WAY RADIOS |
+-------------+--------------+
#Retrieving a Single Path
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT name, parent FROM category WHERE name='FLASH'
UNION ALL
SELECT c.name, c.parent FROM category c JOIN cte
ON c.category_id=cte.parent # find parent
)
SELECT * FROM cte;
+----------------------+--------+
| name | parent |
+----------------------+--------+
| FLASH | 7 |
| MP3 PLAYERS | 6 |
| PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | 1 |
| ELECTRONICS | NULL |
+----------------------+--------+
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT name, parent, 0 as depth FROM category WHERE name='FLASH'
UNION ALL
SELECT c.name, c.parent, cte.depth-1 FROM category c JOIN cte
ON c.category_id=cte.parent
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY depth;
+----------------------+--------+-------+
| name | parent | depth |
+----------------------+--------+-------+
| ELECTRONICS | NULL | -3 |
| PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | 1 | -2 |
| MP3 PLAYERS | 6 | -1 |
| FLASH | 7 | 0 |
+----------------------+--------+-------+
#Finding the Depth of the Nodes
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT category_id, CAST(name AS CHAR(200)) AS name,
CAST(category_id AS CHAR(200)) AS path,
0 as depth
FROM category WHERE parent IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT c.category_id,
CONCAT(REPEAT(' ', cte.depth+1), c.name), # indentation
CONCAT(cte.path, ",", c.category_id),
cte.depth+1
FROM category c JOIN cte ON
cte.category_id=c.parent
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY path;
+-------------+-----------------------+---------+-------+
| category_id | name | path | depth |
+-------------+-----------------------+---------+-------+
| 1 | ELECTRONICS | 1 | 0 |
| 2 | TELEVISIONS | 1,2 | 1 |
| 3 | TUBE | 1,2,3 | 2 |
| 4 | LCD | 1,2,4 | 2 |
| 5 | PLASMA | 1,2,5 | 2 |
| 6 | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | 1,6 | 1 |
| 10 | 2 WAY RADIOS | 1,6,10 | 2 |
| 7 | MP3 PLAYERS | 1,6,7 | 2 |
| 8 | FLASH | 1,6,7,8 | 3 |
| 9 | CD PLAYERS | 1,6,9 | 2 |
+-------------+-----------------------+---------+-------+
#Depth of a sub-tree
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT category_id, name,
CAST(category_id AS CHAR(200)) AS path,
0 as depth
FROM category WHERE name='PORTABLE ELECTRONICS' # sub-tree root
UNION ALL
SELECT c.category_id,
c.name,
CONCAT(cte.path, ",", c.category_id),
cte.depth+1
FROM category c JOIN cte
ON cte.category_id=c.parent
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY path;
+-------------+----------------------+-------+-------+
| category_id | name | path | depth |
+-------------+----------------------+-------+-------+
| 6 | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | 6 | 0 |
| 10 | 2 WAY RADIOS | 6,10 | 1 |
| 7 | MP3 PLAYERS | 6,7 | 1 |
| 8 | FLASH | 6,7,8 | 2 |
| 9 | CD PLAYERS | 6,9 | 1 |
+-------------+----------------------+-------+-------+
#Find the immediate subordinates of a node
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT category_id, name, 0 as depth
FROM category WHERE name='PORTABLE ELECTRONICS'
UNION ALL
SELECT c.category_id, c.name, cte.depth+1
FROM category c JOIN cte
ON cte.category_id=c.parent
WHERE cte.depth=0
)
SELECT * FROM cte;
+-------------+----------------------+-------+
| category_id | name | depth |
+-------------+----------------------+-------+
| 6 | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | 0 |
| 10 | 2 WAY RADIOS | 1 |
| 9 | CD PLAYERS | 1 |
| 7 | MP3 PLAYERS | 1 |
+-------------+----------------------+-------+
#Aggregate functions in a nested set
CREATE TABLE product(
category_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
parent INT DEFAULT NULL
);
INSERT INTO product VALUES(1,'ELECTRONICS',NULL),(2,'TELEVISIONS',1),(3,'TUBE',2),
(4,'LCD',2),(5,'PLASMA',2),(6,'PORTABLE ELECTRONICS',1),(7,'MP3 PLAYERS',6),(8,'FLASH',7),
(9,'CD PLAYERS',6),(10,'2 WAY RADIOS',6);
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT c.category_id, c.name AS cat_name, c.parent, p.name AS prod_name
FROM category c JOIN product p ON c.category_id=p.category_id
UNION ALL
SELECT c.category_id, c.name, c.parent, cte.prod_name
FROM cte JOIN category c ON c.category_id=cte.parent
)
SELECT cat_name, COUNT(*) AS prod_in_cat FROM cte
GROUP BY cat_name;
+----------------------+-------------+
| cat_name | prod_in_cat |
+----------------------+-------------+
| ELECTRONICS | 10 |
| TELEVISIONS | 4 |
| TUBE | 1 |
| LCD | 1 |
| PLASMA | 1 |
| PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | 5 |
| MP3 PLAYERS | 2 |
| FLASH | 1 |
| CD PLAYERS | 1 |
| 2 WAY RADIOS | 1 |
+----------------------+-------------+
################################################################################################
### PART 4 depth-first or breadth-first traversal, transitive closure, cycle avoidance
################################################################################################
#Depth-first or breadth-first
CREATE TABLE tree (person CHAR(20), parent CHAR(20));
INSERT INTO tree VALUES
('Robert I', NULL),
('Thurimbert', 'Robert I'),
('Robert II', 'Thurimbert'),
('Cancor', 'Thurimbert'),
('Landrade', 'Thurimbert'),
('Ingramm', 'Thurimbert'),
('Robert III', 'Robert II'),
('Chaudegrand', 'Landrade'),
('Ermengarde', 'Ingramm');
WITH RECURSIVE descendants AS
(
SELECT person
FROM tree
WHERE person='Thurimbert'
UNION ALL
SELECT t.person
FROM descendants d, tree t
WHERE t.parent=d.person
)
SELECT * FROM descendants;
+-------------+
| person |
+-------------+
| Thurimbert |
| Ingramm |
| Landrade |
| Cancor |
| Robert II |
| Ermengarde |
| Chaudegrand |
| Robert III |
+-------------+
WITH RECURSIVE descendants AS
(
SELECT person, 1 as level
FROM tree
WHERE person='Thurimbert'
UNION ALL
SELECT t.person, d.level+1
FROM descendants d, tree t
WHERE t.parent=d.person
)
SELECT * FROM descendants ORDER BY level;
+-------------+-------+
| person | level |
+-------------+-------+
| Thurimbert | 1 |
| Ingramm | 2 |
| Landrade | 2 |
| Cancor | 2 |
| Robert II | 2 |
| Ermengarde | 3 |
| Chaudegrand | 3 |
| Robert III | 3 |
+-------------+-------+
WITH RECURSIVE descendants AS
(
SELECT person, CAST(person AS CHAR(500)) AS path
FROM tree
WHERE person='Thurimbert'
UNION ALL
SELECT t.person, CONCAT(d.path, ',', t.person)
FROM descendants d, tree t
WHERE t.parent=d.person
)
SELECT * FROM descendants ORDER BY path;
+-------------+---------------------------------+
| person | path |
+-------------+---------------------------------+
| Thurimbert | Thurimbert |
| Cancor | Thurimbert,Cancor |
| Ingramm | Thurimbert,Ingramm |
| Ermengarde | Thurimbert,Ingramm,Ermengarde |
| Landrade | Thurimbert,Landrade |
| Chaudegrand | Thurimbert,Landrade,Chaudegrand |
| Robert II | Thurimbert,Robert II |
| Robert III | Thurimbert,Robert II,Robert III |
+-------------+---------------------------------+
#Computing transitive closures with simple cycle avoidance
CREATE TABLE rockets
(origin CHAR(20), destination CHAR(20), trip_time INT);
INSERT INTO rockets VALUES
('Earth', 'Mars', 2),
('Mars', 'Jupiter', 3),
('Jupiter', 'Saturn', 4);
WITH RECURSIVE all_destinations AS
(
SELECT destination AS planet
FROM rockets
WHERE origin='Earth'
UNION ALL
SELECT r.destination
FROM rockets r, all_destinations d
WHERE r.origin=d.planet
)
SELECT * FROM all_destinations;
+---------+
| planet |
+---------+
| Mars |
| Jupiter |
| Saturn |
+---------+
INSERT INTO rockets VALUES ('Saturn', 'Earth', 9);
WITH RECURSIVE all_destinations AS
(
SELECT destination AS planet
FROM rockets
WHERE origin='Earth'
UNION ALL
SELECT r.destination
FROM rockets r, all_destinations d
WHERE r.origin=d.planet
)
SELECT * FROM all_destinations;
ERROR 5746 (HY000): cycle detected while executing recursive WITH query
#More complex cycle avoidance
WITH RECURSIVE all_destinations AS
(
SELECT destination AS planet, trip_time AS total_time,
CAST(destination AS CHAR(500)) AS path
FROM rockets
WHERE origin='Earth'
UNION ALL
SELECT r.destination, d.total_time+r.trip_time,
CONCAT(d.path, ',', r.destination)
FROM rockets r, all_destinations d
WHERE r.origin=d.planet
AND FIND_IN_SET(r.destination, d.path)=0
)
SELECT * FROM all_destinations;
+---------+------------+---------------------------+
| planet | total_time | path |
+---------+------------+---------------------------+
| Mars | 2 | Mars |
| Jupiter | 5 | Mars,Jupiter |
| Saturn | 9 | Mars,Jupiter,Saturn |
| Earth | 18 | Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Earth |
+---------+------------+---------------------------+
WITH RECURSIVE all_destinations AS
(
SELECT destination AS planet, trip_time AS total_time,
CAST(destination AS CHAR(500)) AS path, 0 AS is_cycle
FROM rockets
WHERE origin='Earth'
UNION ALL
SELECT r.destination, d.total_time+r.trip_time,
CONCAT(d.path, ',', r.destination),
FIND_IN_SET(r.destination, d.path)!=0
FROM rockets r, all_destinations d
WHERE r.origin=d.planet
AND is_cycle=0
)
SELECT * FROM all_destinations;
+---------+------------+--------------------------------+----------+
| planet | total_time | path | is_cycle |
+---------+------------+--------------------------------+----------+
| Mars | 2 | Mars | 0 |
| Jupiter | 5 | Mars,Jupiter | 0 |
| Saturn | 9 | Mars,Jupiter,Saturn | 0 |
| Earth | 18 | Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Earth | 0 |
| Mars | 20 | Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Earth,Mars | 1 |
+---------+------------+--------------------------------+----------+

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with cte1(c1, c2) as
(select 1, '0' from dual
union all select 2, '1' from dual
),
cte2(c1, c2) as
(select '0', 1 from dual
union all select cte1.c2, cte1.c1 from cte2, cte1 where 10 = cte2.c1)
select * from cte1;
+------+------+
| c1 | c2 |
+------+------+
| 1 | 0 |
| 2 | 1 |
+------+------+

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drop table EMP,DEPT,emp1,emp2;
create table EMP (
EMPno number,
ENAME varchar(30),
JOB varchar(30),
MGR number(4),
HIREDATE date,
SAL number(7,2),
COMM number(7,2),
DEPTNO number(2)
) ;
create table DEPT(
DEPTNO number(2),
DNAME(45),
LOC varchar(39)
) ;
CREATE TABLE emp1 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
CREATE TABLE emp2 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
insert into EMP values (7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17','%Y-%m-%d'),800,NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,str_to_date('1981-02-20','%Y-%m-%d'),1600,300,30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22','%Y-%m-%d'),1250, 500, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02','%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28','%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, 'BLAKE','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01','%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, 'CLARK','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09','%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, NULL, 10) ;
insert into EMP values (7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19','%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, 'KING','PRESIDENT', NULL, str_to_date('1981-11-17','%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, NULL, 10) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, 'TURNER','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08','%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7876, 'ADAMS','CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23','%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7900, 'JAMES', 'CLEARK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03','%Y-%m-%d'), 950, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7902, 'FORD','ANALYST',7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03','%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7934,'MILLER','CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-06-23','%Y-%m-%d'), 1300,NULL, 10) ;
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09' , '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1981-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-01-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8100',400,'5'), 'Eve', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8101',3000,'5'), 'Eve1', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8100',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8102',3000,'5'), 'Eve2', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8101',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8103',3000,'5'), 'Eve3', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8102',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8104',3000,'5'), 'Eve4', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8103',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8105',3000,'5'), 'Eve5', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8104',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8106',3000,'5'), 'Eve6', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8105',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8107',400,'5'), 'Eve7', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8106',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8108',400,'5'), 'Eve8', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8107',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8109',400,'5'), 'Eve9', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8108',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8110',400,'5'), 'Eve10', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8109',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8111',400,'5'), 'Eve11', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8110',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8112',400,'5'), 'Eve12', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8111',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8113',400,'5'), 'Eve13', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8112',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8114',400,'5'), 'Eve14', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8113',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8115',400,'5'), 'Eve15', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8114',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8116',400,'5'), 'Eve16', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8115',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8117',400,'5'), 'Eve17', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8116',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8118',400,'5'), 'Eve18', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8117',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8119',400,'5'), 'Eve19', 'CLERK', LPAD('8118',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (4002, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 5002, str_to_date('1980-12-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5003, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5004, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-02-22', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6001, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5005, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6002, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6003, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09' , '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5001, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 6001, str_to_date('1987-08-19', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1987-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5006, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (4001, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 5001, str_to_date('1987-05-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5007, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 6002, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5002, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 6001, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5008, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 6003, str_to_date('1982-01-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 1:
## - recursive WITH Query: no cycle clause used in query in acyclic data
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | NULL |
| CLARK | 7782 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 7698 | 7839 |
| JONES | 7566 | 7839 |
| MILLER | 7934 | 7782 |
| JAMES | 7900 | 7698 |
| TURNER | 7844 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
+--------+-------+------+
update emp set mgr = 7788 where ename = 'KING';
drop table emp1;
drop table emp2;
CREATE TABLE emp1 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
CREATE TABLE emp2 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09' , '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1981-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-01-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8100',400,'5'), 'Eve', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8101',3000,'5'), 'Eve1', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8100',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8102',3000,'5'), 'Eve2', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8101',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8103',3000,'5'), 'Eve3', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8102',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8104',3000,'5'), 'Eve4', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8103',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8105',3000,'5'), 'Eve5', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8104',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8106',3000,'5'), 'Eve6', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8105',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8107',400,'5'), 'Eve7', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8106',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8108',400,'5'), 'Eve8', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8107',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8109',400,'5'), 'Eve9', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8108',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8110',400,'5'), 'Eve10', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8109',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8111',400,'5'), 'Eve11', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8110',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8112',400,'5'), 'Eve12', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8111',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8113',400,'5'), 'Eve13', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8112',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8114',400,'5'), 'Eve14', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8113',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8115',400,'5'), 'Eve15', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8114',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8116',400,'5'), 'Eve16', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8115',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8117',400,'5'), 'Eve17', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8116',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8118',400,'5'), 'Eve18', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8117',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8119',400,'5'), 'Eve19', 'CLERK', LPAD('8118',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (4002, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 5002, str_to_date('1980-12-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5003, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5004, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-02-22', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6001, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5005, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6002, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6003, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09' , '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5001, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 6001, str_to_date('1987-08-19', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1987-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5006, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (4001, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 5001, str_to_date('1987-05-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5007, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 6002, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5002, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 6001, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5008, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 6003, str_to_date('1982-01-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
--enable_warnings
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 2:
## - recursive WITH Query(Negative): cycle clause not used in query with
## cyclic data
## =======================================================================
/* add loop from scott back to king in emp */
update emp set mgr = 7788 where ename = 'KING';
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
ERROR 5746 (HY000): cycle detected while executing recursive WITH query
drop table emp1;
drop table emp2;
CREATE TABLE emp1 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
CREATE TABLE emp2 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09' , '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1981-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-01-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8100',400,'5'), 'Eve', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8101',3000,'5'), 'Eve1', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8100',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8102',3000,'5'), 'Eve2', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8101',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8103',3000,'5'), 'Eve3', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8102',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8104',3000,'5'), 'Eve4', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8103',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8105',3000,'5'), 'Eve5', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8104',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8106',3000,'5'), 'Eve6', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8105',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8107',400,'5'), 'Eve7', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8106',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8108',400,'5'), 'Eve8', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8107',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8109',400,'5'), 'Eve9', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8108',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8110',400,'5'), 'Eve10', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8109',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8111',400,'5'), 'Eve11', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8110',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8112',400,'5'), 'Eve12', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8111',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8113',400,'5'), 'Eve13', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8112',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8114',400,'5'), 'Eve14', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8113',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8115',400,'5'), 'Eve15', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8114',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8116',400,'5'), 'Eve16', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8115',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8117',400,'5'), 'Eve17', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8116',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8118',400,'5'), 'Eve18', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8117',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8119',400,'5'), 'Eve19', 'CLERK', LPAD('8118',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (4002, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 5002, str_to_date('1980-12-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5003, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5004, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-02-22', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6001, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5005, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6002, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6003, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09' , '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5001, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 6001, str_to_date('1987-08-19', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1987-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5006, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (4001, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 5001, str_to_date('1987-05-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5007, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 6002, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5002, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 6001, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5008, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 6003, str_to_date('1982-01-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
update emp2 set mgr = 5001 where ename = 'KING';
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 3:
## - recursive WITH Query: Cycle Pruning with Cycle clause not used in the query
## Pruning predicate added that results in no cycles e.mgr < e.empno
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp2 e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp2 e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and e.mgr < e.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+-------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+-------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | 5001 |
+-------+-------+------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 4:
## - recursive WITH Query: Cycle Pruning with Cycle clause not used in the query
## Pruning predicate added that results in no cycles e.mgr > e.empno
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp2 e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp2 e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and e.mgr > e.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | 5001 |
| CLARK | 6003 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 6002 | 7839 |
| JONES | 6001 | 7839 |
| MILLER | 5008 | 6003 |
| JAMES | 5007 | 6002 |
| TURNER | 5006 | 6002 |
| MARTIN | 5005 | 6002 |
| WARD | 5004 | 6002 |
| ALLEN | 5003 | 6002 |
| FORD | 5002 | 6001 |
| SCOTT | 5001 | 6001 |
| SMITH | 4002 | 5002 |
| ADAMS | 4001 | 5001 |
+--------+-------+------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 5:
## - recursive WITH Query: Cycle Pruning with Cycle clause not used in the query
## Pruning predicate added that results in no cycles r.empno < e.empno
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp2 e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp2 e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and r.empno < e.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+-------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+-------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | 5001 |
+-------+-------+------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 6:
## - recursive WITH Query: Cycle Pruning with Cycle clause not used in the query
## Pruning predicate added that results in no cycles r.empno > e.empno
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp2 e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp2 e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and r.empno > e.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | 5001 |
| CLARK | 6003 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 6002 | 7839 |
| JONES | 6001 | 7839 |
| MILLER | 5008 | 6003 |
| JAMES | 5007 | 6002 |
| TURNER | 5006 | 6002 |
| MARTIN | 5005 | 6002 |
| WARD | 5004 | 6002 |
| ALLEN | 5003 | 6002 |
| FORD | 5002 | 6001 |
| SCOTT | 5001 | 6001 |
| SMITH | 4002 | 5002 |
| ADAMS | 4001 | 5001 |
+--------+-------+------+

675
test/mysql_test/test_suite/with_clause/r/mysql/recursive_join_mysql.result Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,675 @@
drop table EMP;
create table EMP (
EMPno number,
ENAME VARCHAR(30),
JOB VARCHAR(30),
MGR number(4),
HIREDATE date,
SAL number(7,2),
COMM number(7,2),
DEPTNO number(2)
) ;
INSERT INTO EMP values (7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17','%Y-%m-%d'),800,NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,str_to_date('1981-02-20','%Y-%m-%d'),1600,300,30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22','%Y-%m-%d'),1250, 500, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02','%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28','%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, 'BLAKE','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01','%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, 'CLARK','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09','%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, NULL, 10) ;
insert into EMP values (7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19','%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, 'KING','PRESIDENT', NULL, str_to_date('1981-11-17','%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, NULL, 10) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, 'TURNER','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08','%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7876, 'ADAMS','CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23','%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7900, 'JAMES', 'CLEARK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03','%Y-%m-%d'), 950, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7902, 'FORD','ANALYST',7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03','%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7934,'MILLER','CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-01-23','%Y-%m-%d'), 1300,NULL, 10) ;
drop table emp1;
CREATE TABLE emp1 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09'
, '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1981-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-01-23',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (8100, 'Eve', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1984-05-01',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (8101, 'Eve1', 'MANAGER', 8100, str_to_date('1984-05-01',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (8108, 'Eve8', 'CLERK', 8101, str_to_date('1984-05-01',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
result_format: 4
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 1:
## - recursive WITH Query: Nested Loop Join
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ USE_NL(r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | NULL |
| CLARK | 7782 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 7698 | 7839 |
| JONES | 7566 | 7839 |
| MILLER | 7934 | 7782 |
| JAMES | 7900 | 7698 |
| TURNER | 7844 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
+--------+-------+------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 2:
## - recursive WITH Query: SORT MERGE Join
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ USE_MERGE(r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | NULL |
| CLARK | 7782 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 7698 | 7839 |
| JONES | 7566 | 7839 |
| MILLER | 7934 | 7782 |
| JAMES | 7900 | 7698 |
| TURNER | 7844 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
+--------+-------+------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 3:
## - recursive WITH Query: Hash Join
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ USE_HASH(r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | NULL |
| CLARK | 7782 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 7698 | 7839 |
| JONES | 7566 | 7839 |
| MILLER | 7934 | 7782 |
| JAMES | 7900 | 7698 |
| TURNER | 7844 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
+--------+-------+------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 4:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join in Initialisation Branch
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT /*+ USE_NL(e d) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM emp e, emp d
WHERE e.sal = d. sal
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ USE_HASH(r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e, emp d
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and e.sal = d.sal
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| JONES | 7566 | 7839 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| BLAKE | 7698 | 7839 |
| CLARK | 7782 | 7839 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| KING | 7839 | NULL |
| TURNER | 7844 | 7698 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
| JAMES | 7900 | 7698 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| MILLER | 7934 | 7782 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| JONES | 7566 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 7698 | 7839 |
| CLARK | 7782 | 7839 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
| MILLER | 7934 | 7782 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| TURNER | 7844 | 7698 |
| JAMES | 7900 | 7698 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| JAMES | 7900 | 7698 |
| TURNER | 7844 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
| MILLER | 7934 | 7782 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
+--------+-------+------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 6:
## - recursive WITH Query: Hash Join without using hints
## Static input on build side and fits in memory
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM emp e, rw r
WHERE e.mgr = r.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | NULL |
| CLARK | 7782 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 7698 | 7839 |
| JONES | 7566 | 7839 |
| MILLER | 7934 | 7782 |
| JAMES | 7900 | 7698 |
| TURNER | 7844 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
+--------+-------+------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 7:
## - recursive WITH Query: Hash Join without using hints
## Static input on probe side and fits in memory
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | NULL |
| CLARK | 7782 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 7698 | 7839 |
| JONES | 7566 | 7839 |
| MILLER | 7934 | 7782 |
| JAMES | 7900 | 7698 |
| TURNER | 7844 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
+--------+-------+------+
## =======================================================================
## 测试8-15都是在测试join的顺序或者hint的顺序
## Test Case 8:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## pump >< emp >< emp1
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM rw r, emp e, emp1 n
WHERE r.mgr = e.empno and e.mgr = n.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
+-------+------+-------+---------+
| empno | mgr | iters | sal |
+-------+------+-------+---------+
| 7369 | 7902 | 1 | 800.00 |
| 7499 | 7698 | 1 | 1600.00 |
| 7499 | 7839 | 2 | 4450.00 |
| 7521 | 7698 | 1 | 1250.00 |
| 7521 | 7839 | 2 | 4100.00 |
| 7566 | 7839 | 1 | 2975.00 |
| 7654 | 7698 | 1 | 1250.00 |
| 7654 | 7839 | 2 | 4100.00 |
| 7698 | 7839 | 1 | 2850.00 |
| 7782 | 7839 | 1 | 2450.00 |
+-------+------+-------+---------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 9:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp >< pump >< emp1
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM emp e, rw r, emp1 n
WHERE e.empno = r.mgr and e.mgr = n.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
+-------+------+-------+---------+
| empno | mgr | iters | sal |
+-------+------+-------+---------+
| 7369 | 7902 | 1 | 800.00 |
| 7499 | 7698 | 1 | 1600.00 |
| 7499 | 7839 | 2 | 4450.00 |
| 7521 | 7698 | 1 | 1250.00 |
| 7521 | 7839 | 2 | 4100.00 |
| 7566 | 7839 | 1 | 2975.00 |
| 7654 | 7698 | 1 | 1250.00 |
| 7654 | 7839 | 2 | 4100.00 |
| 7698 | 7839 | 1 | 2850.00 |
| 7782 | 7839 | 1 | 2450.00 |
+-------+------+-------+---------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 10:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp >< emp1 >< pump
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n, rw r
WHERE e.mgr = n.empno and e.empno = r.mgr and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
+-------+------+-------+---------+
| empno | mgr | iters | sal |
+-------+------+-------+---------+
| 7369 | 7902 | 1 | 800.00 |
| 7499 | 7698 | 1 | 1600.00 |
| 7499 | 7839 | 2 | 4450.00 |
| 7521 | 7698 | 1 | 1250.00 |
| 7521 | 7839 | 2 | 4100.00 |
| 7566 | 7839 | 1 | 2975.00 |
| 7654 | 7698 | 1 | 1250.00 |
| 7654 | 7839 | 2 | 4100.00 |
| 7698 | 7839 | 1 | 2850.00 |
| 7782 | 7839 | 1 | 2450.00 |
+-------+------+-------+---------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 11:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp1 >< emp >< pump
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM emp1 n, emp e, rw r
WHERE n.empno = e.mgr and e.empno = r.mgr and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
+-------+------+-------+---------+
| empno | mgr | iters | sal |
+-------+------+-------+---------+
| 7369 | 7902 | 1 | 800.00 |
| 7499 | 7698 | 1 | 1600.00 |
| 7499 | 7839 | 2 | 4450.00 |
| 7521 | 7698 | 1 | 1250.00 |
| 7521 | 7839 | 2 | 4100.00 |
| 7566 | 7839 | 1 | 2975.00 |
| 7654 | 7698 | 1 | 1250.00 |
| 7654 | 7839 | 2 | 4100.00 |
| 7698 | 7839 | 1 | 2850.00 |
| 7782 | 7839 | 1 | 2450.00 |
+-------+------+-------+---------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 12:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## pump >< emp
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | NULL |
| CLARK | 7782 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 7698 | 7839 |
| JONES | 7566 | 7839 |
| MILLER | 7934 | 7782 |
| JAMES | 7900 | 7698 |
| TURNER | 7844 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
+--------+-------+------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 13:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp >< pump
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM emp e, rw r
WHERE e.mgr = r.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | NULL |
| CLARK | 7782 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 7698 | 7839 |
| JONES | 7566 | 7839 |
| MILLER | 7934 | 7782 |
| JAMES | 7900 | 7698 |
| TURNER | 7844 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
+--------+-------+------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 14:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp1 >< pump >< emp
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM emp1 n, rw r, emp e
WHERE n.empno = e.mgr and r.mgr = e.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
+-------+------+-------+---------+
| empno | mgr | iters | sal |
+-------+------+-------+---------+
| 7369 | 7902 | 1 | 800.00 |
| 7499 | 7698 | 1 | 1600.00 |
| 7499 | 7839 | 2 | 4450.00 |
| 7521 | 7698 | 1 | 1250.00 |
| 7521 | 7839 | 2 | 4100.00 |
| 7566 | 7839 | 1 | 2975.00 |
| 7654 | 7698 | 1 | 1250.00 |
| 7654 | 7839 | 2 | 4100.00 |
| 7698 | 7839 | 1 | 2850.00 |
| 7782 | 7839 | 1 | 2450.00 |
+-------+------+-------+---------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 15:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## pump >< emp1 >< emp
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM rw r, emp1 n, emp e
WHERE r.mgr = e.empno and n.empno = e.mgr and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
+-------+------+-------+---------+
| empno | mgr | iters | sal |
+-------+------+-------+---------+
| 7369 | 7902 | 1 | 800.00 |
| 7499 | 7698 | 1 | 1600.00 |
| 7499 | 7839 | 2 | 4450.00 |
| 7521 | 7698 | 1 | 1250.00 |
| 7521 | 7839 | 2 | 4100.00 |
| 7566 | 7839 | 1 | 2975.00 |
| 7654 | 7698 | 1 | 1250.00 |
| 7654 | 7839 | 2 | 4100.00 |
| 7698 | 7839 | 1 | 2850.00 |
| 7782 | 7839 | 1 | 2450.00 |
+-------+------+-------+---------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 16:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Skew handling. No local filter
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ PQ_SKEW (r) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | NULL |
| CLARK | 7782 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 7698 | 7839 |
| JONES | 7566 | 7839 |
| MILLER | 7934 | 7782 |
| JAMES | 7900 | 7698 |
| TURNER | 7844 | 7698 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
| FORD | 7902 | 7566 |
| SCOTT | 7788 | 7566 |
| SMITH | 7369 | 7902 |
| ADAMS | 7876 | 7788 |
+--------+-------+------+
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 17:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Skew handling with an additional local filter
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ PQ_SKEW (r) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
+--------+-------+------+
| ename | empno | mgr |
+--------+-------+------+
| KING | 7839 | NULL |
| CLARK | 7782 | 7839 |
| BLAKE | 7698 | 7839 |
| JONES | 7566 | 7839 |
| MARTIN | 7654 | 7698 |
| WARD | 7521 | 7698 |
| ALLEN | 7499 | 7698 |
+--------+-------+------+

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drop database if exists ctetest;
create database ctetest;
use ctetest;
create table EMP (
EMPno number,
ENAME varchar(30),
JOB varchar(30),
MGR number(4),
HIREDATE date,
SAL number(7,2),
COMM number(7,2),
DEPTNO number(2)
) ;
create table DEPT(
DEPTNO number(2),
DNAME char(45),
LOC varchar(39)
) ;
insert into EMP values (7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902, str_to_date('17-DEC-80','%d-%b-%Y'),800,NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,str_to_date('20-FEB-81','%d-%b-%Y'),1600,300,30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698, str_to_date('22-FEB-81','%d-%b-%Y'),1250, 500, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839, str_to_date('02-APR-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 2975, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('28-SEP-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 1250, 1400, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, 'BLAKE','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('01-MAY-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 2850, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, 'CLARK','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('09-JUN-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 2450, NULL, 10) ;
insert into EMP values (7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('19-APR-87','%d-%b-%Y'), 3000, null, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, 'KING','PRESIDENT', NULL, str_to_date('17-NOV-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 5000, NULL, 10) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, 'TURNER','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('08-SEP-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 1500, 0, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7876, 'ADAMS','CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('23-MAY-87','%d-%b-%Y'), 1100, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7900, 'JAMES', 'CLEARK', 7698, str_to_date('03-DEC-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 950, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7902, 'FORD','ANALYST',7566, str_to_date('03-DEC-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 3000, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7934,'MILLER','CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('23-JAN-82','%d-%b-%Y'), 1300,NULL, 10) ;
result_format: 4
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 1:
## - recursive WITH Query: Optimization on query with outside filter.
## Predicate pushdown optimization on static value job.
## The plan should reflect optimization or development can provide
## parameter to show that pushdown optimization happened for init branch
## =======================================================================
explain basic
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno, job) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno, job
FROM emp e
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno, e.job
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr, job
FROM rw
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT' ;
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Query Plan |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ==============================
|ID|OPERATOR |NAME|
------------------------------
|0 |SUBPLAN SCAN |rw |
|1 | RECURSIVE UNION ALL| |
|2 | TABLE SCAN |e |
|3 | HASH JOIN | |
|4 | TABLE SCAN |e |
|5 | TABLE SCAN |r |
==============================
Outputs & filters:
-------------------------------------
0 - output([rw.ename], [rw.empno], [rw.mgr], [rw.job]), filter([rw.job = 'PRESIDENT']),
access([rw.job], [rw.ename], [rw.empno], [rw.mgr])
1 - output([UNION([1])], [UNION([2])], [UNION([3])], [UNION([4])]), filter(nil)
2 - output([e.ENAME], [e.MGR], [e.EMPno], [e.JOB]), filter(nil),
access([e.ENAME], [e.MGR], [e.EMPno], [e.JOB]), partitions(p0)
3 - output([e.ENAME], [e.MGR], [e.EMPno], [e.JOB]), filter(nil),
equal_conds([r.empno = e.MGR]), other_conds(nil)
4 - output([e.MGR], [e.ENAME], [e.EMPno], [e.JOB]), filter(nil),
access([e.MGR], [e.ENAME], [e.EMPno], [e.JOB]), partitions(p0)
5 - output([r.empno]), filter(nil),
access([r.empno]), partitions(nil)
|
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno, job) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno, job
FROM emp e
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno, e.job
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT /*+ :HINT: */ ename, empno, mgr, job
FROM rw
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT' ;
+-------+-------+------+-----------+
| ename | empno | mgr | job |
+-------+-------+------+-----------+
| KING | 7839 | NULL | PRESIDENT |
+-------+-------+------+-----------+

748
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drop table t1;
drop table t2;
drop table t3;
drop table t4;
drop table t5;
drop table emp;
create table t1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 int);
insert into t1 values(1, 2, 3);
insert into t1 values(4, 5, 6);
insert into t1 values(7, 8, 9);
insert into t1 values(10, 11, 12);
insert into t1 values(13, 14, 15);
insert into t1 values(16, 17, 18);
insert into t1 values(19, 20, 21);
create table t2(c21 int, c22 int, c23 int);
insert into t2 values(1, 2, 3);
insert into t2 values(4, 5, 6);
insert into t2 values(7, 8, 9);
insert into t2 values(10, 11, 12);
insert into t2 values(13, 14, 15);
insert into t2 values(16, 17, 18);
insert into t2 values(19, 20, 21);
create table t3(c1 int primary key, c2 int) partition by hash(c1) partitions 2;
insert into t3 values(1, 2);
insert into t3 values(4, 5);
insert into t3 values(7, 8);
insert into t3 values(10, 11);
insert into t3 values(13, 14);
insert into t3 values(16, 17);
create table t4(c1 int primary key, c2 int);
CREATE INDEX i1 ON t4(c2);
insert into t4 values(11, 2);
insert into t4 values(14, 5);
insert into t4 values(17, 8);
insert into t4 values(110, 11);
insert into t4 values(113, 14);
insert into t4 values(116, 17);
create table t5(c1 int primary key, c2 int, c3 int) partition by hash(c1) partitions 6;
insert into t5 values(1, 2, 3);
insert into t5 values(4, 5, 6);
insert into t5 values(7, 8, 9);
insert into t5 values(10, 11, 12);
insert into t5 values(13, 14, 15);
insert into t5 values(16, 17, 18);
create table emp (id int, name varchar(20), leaderid int);
insert into emp values(1, 'A', '0');
insert into emp values(2, 'AA', '1');
insert into emp values(3, 'AB', '1');
insert into emp values(4, 'ABA', '3');
insert into emp values(5, 'AAA', '2');
insert into emp values(6, 'ABB', '3');
insert into emp values(7, 'AAA', '5');
insert into emp values(8, 'AAA', '7');
insert into emp values(9, 'AAAA', '5');
insert into emp values(10, 'AAAB', '5');
insert into emp values(11, 'AAAC', '5');
insert into emp values(12, 'AAAA', '5');
##############################
## section one cte定义
## PART 1 定义表名的限制
## PART 2 单个的定义
## PART 3 多个定义
## PART 4 subquery的变化
## section two cte的使用
## PART 1 cte出现在normal型查询语句中
## PART 2 cte出现在set型查询语句中
## PART 3 主查询中含有inline cte
## PART 4 歧义语法
## PART 5 出现方式
## PART 6 定义列的使用
## section three cte能够出现的句式
## PART 1 select for update
## PART 2 insert into
## PART 3 update select
## PART 4 select when
## PART 5 delete from
##############################
##############################
## section one
## PART 1 定义表名的限制
##############################
## PART 1.1 表名，列名不能是保留关键字，可以是分保留关键字
WITH explain as (select 1 from dual) select * from explain;
WITH cte(explain) as (select 1 from dual) select * from cte;
with cte(name) as (select 1 from dual) select * from cte;
## PART 1.2 允许与已有的表重名
explain basic WITH t4 as (select 1 from dual) select * from t4;
WITH t4 as (select 1 from dual) select * from t4;
##############################
## PART 2 单个的定义
##############################
## PART 2.1 定义列名重复
with cte(a,a) as (select 1,1 from dual) select * from cte;
## PART 2.2.1 定义列数量与查询产生列一致或不一致
explain basic with cte(a,b) as (select 1,1 from dual) select * from cte;
with cte(a,b) as (select 1,1 from dual) select * from cte;
with cte(a,b) as (select 1 from dual) select * from cte;
with cte(a,b,c) as (select 1, 2, 3, 4 from dual) select * from cte;
## PART 2.2.2 不使用定义列使用原来的列
with cte(a,b) as (select c1,c2 from t1) select c1 from cte;
##############################
## PART 3 多个的定义
##############################
## PART 3.1 前面的定义引用后面的，后面的引用前面的
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c, d FROM cte2),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
SELECT b, d FROM cte1 JOIN cte2
on cte1.a = cte2.c;
explain basic with
cte1 AS (select c1 from t1),
cte2 AS (select c1 from cte1)
select * from cte1;
with
cte1 AS (select c1 from t1),
cte2 AS (select c1 from cte1)
select * from cte1;
## PART 3.2.1 直接嵌套定义，MySQL支持这样的直接嵌套
with
cte1 AS (
with cte2 AS (select c1 from t1)
select c1 from cte2
)
select c1 from cte1;
with
cte1 (cte1col) AS (
with cte2 (cte2col) AS (select c1 from t1)
select cte2col from cte2
)
select cte1col from cte1;
with
cte1 (cte1col) AS (
with cte2 (cte2col1, cte2col2) AS (select c1, c2 from t1)
select cte2col2 from cte2
)
select cte1col from cte1;
## PART 3.2.2 在子查询中进行嵌套
with cte(a) as (select * from (with cteb(a) as (select 1 from dual) select * from cteb) bac) select * from cte;
##############################
## PART 4 subquery的变化
##############################
## PART 4.1.0 subquery的变化
## 带有聚合
explain basic with cte as (select count(*) from t1) select * from cte;
with cte as (select count(*) from t1) select * from cte;
## 带有where
explain basic with
cte1 AS ( select c1 as col1 from t1 where c1 > 1)
select col1 from cte1;
with
cte1 AS ( select c1 as col1 from t1 where c1 > 1)
select col1 from cte1;
explain basic with
cte1 AS ( select * from t1 where c1+'1'<=3)
select c1 from cte1;
with
cte1 AS ( select * from t1 where c1+'1'<=3)
select c1 from cte1;
## 带有group
explain basic with
cte1 AS ( select 1 as c1, 2 as c2 from t1 group by c1)
select c1 from cte1;
with
cte1 AS ( select 1 as c1, 2 as c2 from t1 group by c1)
select c1 from cte1;
## 带有having
explain basic with
cte1 AS ( select c1, c2 from t1 where t1.c1 > 2)
select c1 from cte1;
with
cte1 AS ( select c1, c2 from t1 where t1.c1 > 2)
select c1 from cte1;
## 带有order
explain basic with
cte1 AS ( select c1, c2 + 1 as c3 from t1 order by c2)
select c1 from cte1;
with
cte1 AS ( select c1, c2 + 1 as c3 from t1 order by c2)
select c1 from cte1;
explain basic with
cte2 AS (select * from t1 left join t2 on t1.c1=t2.c21 order by t1.c1)
select c1 from cte2;
with
cte2 AS (select * from t1 left join t2 on t1.c1=t2.c21 order by t1.c1)
select c1 from cte2;
## PART 4.1.1 normal型＋hint
## index
## use_nl/use_merge/leading
## hint在cte定义里面
explain basic with
cte0 AS (select /*+ use_nl(t1 t2) */ * from t2, t1 where t1.c1 = t2.c21)
select * from cte0;
with
cte0 AS (select /*+ use_nl(t1 t2) */ * from t2, t1 where t1.c1 = t2.c21)
select * from cte0;
## hint对cte定义表进行使用，对比与MySQL的一致
explain basic with cte0 AS (select * from t2) select /*+ leading(t2 cte0) use_nl(cte0)*/ * from cte0, t1 where cte0.c21 = t1.c1;
with cte0 AS (select * from t2) select /*+ leading(t2 cte0) use_nl(cte0)*/ * from cte0, t1 where cte0.c21 = t1.c1;
## PART 4.1.2 里面是一个set operator
explain basic WITH cte AS
(
SELECT 1 AS col1, 2 AS col2 from dual
UNION ALL
SELECT 3, 4 from dual
)
SELECT col1, col2 FROM cte;
WITH cte AS
(
SELECT 1 AS col1, 2 AS col2 from dual
UNION ALL
SELECT 3, 4 from dual
)
SELECT col1, col2 FROM cte;
explain basic WITH cte AS
(
select c1, c2 from t1
UNION all
select c21, c22 from t2
)
select c1, c2 from cte;
WITH cte AS
(
select c1, c2 from t1
UNION all
select c21, c22 from t2
)
select c1, c2 from cte;
## PART 4.1.3 里面是一个where exist(semi join)，顺便测试在cte里面as一个列，在外面使用
explain basic WITH cte AS
(
select 1 as col from t1 where c1 in (select c1 from t1 where exists( (select 1 from dual) union (select 1 from dual)))
)
select * from cte, t1 where t1.c1 = cte.col;
WITH cte AS
(
select 1 as col from t1 where c1 in (select c1 from t1 where exists( (select 1 from dual) union (select 1 from dual)))
)
select * from cte, t1 where t1.c1 = cte.col;
## PART 4.2 有针对某一个分区的操作
explain basic with cte0 as (select * from t3 partition(p0)) select cte0.c1 from cte0;
with cte0 as (select * from t3 partition(p0)) select cte0.c1 from cte0;
explain basic with cte as (select * from t5 partition(p0)) select * from cte;
with cte as (select * from t5 partition(p0)) select * from cte;
##############################
## section two
## PART 1 cte出现在normal型查询语句中
##############################
## PART 1.1 最基本用法(单表)
## 不定义别名列列表的时候最简单的使用方法
explain basic WITH
cte1 AS (select * from t1)
select c1, c2, c3 from cte1;
WITH
cte1 AS (select * from t1)
select c1, c2, c3 from cte1;
## subquery里面取了别名列，看看主句中能否继续使用
explain basic with
cte1 AS ( select c1 + 1 as col1 from t1)
select col1 from cte1;
with
cte1 AS ( select c1 + 1 as col1 from t1)
select col1 from cte1;
explain basic with
cte1 AS ( select c1 + 1 as col1 from t1)
select * from cte1;
with
cte1 AS ( select c1 + 1 as col1 from t1)
select * from cte1;
explain basic with
cte1 AS ( select c1 + 1 as col1 from t1)
select col1+3 from cte1;
with
cte1 AS ( select c1 + 1 as col1 from t1)
select col1+3 from cte1;
## 这种cte的列其实可能没法用了
explain basic with
cte AS (select 1 from t1)
select * from cte;
with
cte AS (select 1 from t1)
select * from cte;
## 主句含有order
explain basic WITH cte2 AS (select c1 from t1)
select c1 from cte2 order by c1;
WITH cte2 AS (select c1 from t1)
select c1 from cte2 order by c1;
## 对主句中的cte取别名后看看能否继续使用
explain basic WITH cte2 AS (select c1 from t1)
select z1.c1 from cte2 z1, t2 where z1.c1 in (1,4,7,11) and z1.c1 = t2.c21;
WITH cte2 AS (select c1 from t1)
select z1.c1 from cte2 z1, t2 where z1.c1 in (1,4,7,11) and z1.c1 = t2.c21;
## 重命名的列出现在where条件中
explain basic WITH
cte1 AS (SELECT c1 as abc, c2 FROM t1)
select abc from cte1, t2 where abc in (1,4,7) and cte1.abc = t2.c21;
WITH
cte1 AS (SELECT c1 as abc, c2 FROM t1)
select abc from cte1, t2 where abc in (1,4,7) and cte1.abc = t2.c21;
## 重命名的列出现在order+where中
explain basic WITH
cte1 (name1, name2) AS (select c1, c2 from t1)
select name1 from cte1 where name1 in (1,4,11) order by name2;
WITH
cte1 (name1, name2) AS (select c1, c2 from t1)
select name1 from cte1 where name1 in (1,4,11) order by name2;
## 在field list中写了inline，里面使用了cte
explain basic with cte as (select * from t1) select (select count(*) from cte) from t2;
with cte as (select * from t1) select (select count(*) from cte) from t2;
## 在cte在外面使用的时候先被取了别名再使用
explain basic with cte AS (select c1 from t1)
select cte.c1 from cte z1, cte where z1.c1 = cte.c1;
with cte AS (select c1 from t1)
select cte.c1 from cte z1, cte where z1.c1 = cte.c1;
explain basic with cte AS (select c1 from t1)
select /*+no_rewrite()*/ cte.c1 from cte z1, cte where z1.c1 = cte.c1;
with cte AS (select c1 from t1)
select /*+no_rewrite()*/ cte.c1 from cte z1, cte where z1.c1 = cte.c1;
## join＋having not＋order by
explain basic with
cte1 AS( select * from t1)
select * from cte1 left join t2 on cte1.c1=t2.c21 where t2.c21 != cte1.c1 order by cte1.c1;
with
cte1 AS( select * from t1)
select * from cte1 left join t2 on cte1.c1=t2.c21 where t2.c21 != cte1.c1 order by cte1.c1;
## 对cte使用partition命令
explain basic WITH cte2 AS (select * from t3)
select * from cte2 partition(p0);
WITH cte2 AS (select * from t3)
select * from cte2 partition(p0);
## PART 1.2 最基本用法(多表)
explain basic WITH
cte1 AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select c21 from cte2;
WITH
cte1 AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select c21 from cte2;
explain basic WITH
cte1 (c1)AS(select c1 from t1),
cte2 AS (select * from t1)
select c1, c2, c3 from cte2;
WITH
cte1 (c1)AS(select c1 from t1),
cte2 AS (select * from t1)
select c1, c2, c3 from cte2;
explain basic WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
SELECT b, d FROM cte1 JOIN cte2
on cte1.a = cte2.c;
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
SELECT b, d FROM cte1 JOIN cte2
on cte1.a = cte2.c;
## join+order
explain basic WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select * from cte1 left join cte2 on cte1.a=cte2.c order by cte1.a;
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select * from cte1 left join cte2 on cte1.a=cte2.c order by cte1.a;
## 子查询＋join
explain basic WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select t11.c11 as c111 from (select c1 as c11, c2 from t1) t11 join cte2 on t11.c2=cte2.c;
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select t11.c11 as c111 from (select c1 as c11, c2 from t1) t11 join cte2 on t11.c2=cte2.c;
## 第二个cte的定义引用了第一个cte，主句中两个表做join
explain basic WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT a, b FROM cte1)
SELECT b, d FROM cte1 JOIN cte2
on cte1.a = cte2.c;
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
SELECT b, d FROM cte1 JOIN cte2
on cte1.a = cte2.c;
## 第三cte引用第二个，第二个又引用第一个。结果与oracle一致。
explain basic WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT a+1, b-1 FROM cte1),
cte3 (e, f) AS (SELECT c*2, d*3 FROM cte2)
SELECT a, b, e, f FROM cte1 JOIN cte3
on cte1.a < cte3.e;
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT a+1, b-1 FROM cte1),
cte3 (e, f) AS (SELECT c*2, d*3 FROM cte2)
SELECT a, b, e, f FROM cte1 JOIN cte3
on cte1.a < cte3.e;
## 一个cte是对某个特定分区，一个加了hint，主查询做join
with
cte0 AS (
select * from t3 partition(p0)
),
cte1 AS (
select /*+ index(t4 i1) */ * from t4 where c2 > 0
)
select cte0.c1, cte1.c1 from cte0, cte1 where cte0.c1 = cte1.c1;
## cte出现在主查询in子句中，还有exists子句中
explain basic WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select 1 from cte1 where a in (select d from cte2 where exists( (select b from cte1) union (select a from cte1)));
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select 1 from cte1 where a in (select d from cte2 where exists( (select b from cte1) union (select a from cte1)));
## 在上面的基础上加入no rewrite hint
explain basic WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select /*+no_rewrite()*/ 1 from cte1 where a in (select d from cte2 where exists( (select b from cte1) union (select a from cte1)));
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select /*+no_rewrite()*/ 1 from cte1 where a in (select d from cte2 where exists( (select b from cte1) union (select a from cte1)));
## 主查询是left join＋having not+order
explain basic WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select * from cte1 left join cte2 on cte1.a=cte2.c where cte1.b != cte2.d order by cte1.a;
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select * from cte1 left join cte2 on cte1.a=cte2.c where cte1.b != cte2.d order by cte1.a;
##############################
## PART 2 cte出现在set型查询语句中
##############################
explain basic WITH cte2 AS (select c1 from t1)
select c1 from cte2
UNION all
select c21 from t2;
WITH cte2 AS (select c1 from t1)
select c1 from cte2
UNION all
select c21 from t2;
explain basic WITH cte2 AS (select c1 from t1)
select /*+no_rewrite()*/ c1 from cte2
UNION all
select c21 from t2;
WITH cte2 AS (select c1 from t1)
select /*+no_rewrite()*/ c1 from cte2
UNION all
select c21 from t2;
explain basic WITH cte2 AS (select c1 from t1)
select * from t1 intersect (select * from t2);
WITH cte2 AS (select c1 from t1)
select * from t1 intersect (select * from t2);
##############################
## PART 3 主查询中含有inline cte
##############################
## PART 3.1 inline cte与外层同名/不同名
with cte(a) as (select 1 from dual) select * from (with cteb(a) as (select 1 from dual) select * from cteb) abc;
## 同名，这里应该是查询t1
explain basic with cte as (select c21 from t2)
select * from (with cte as (select c1 from t1) select * from cte) t;
with cte as (select c21 from t2)
select * from (with cte as (select c1 from t1) select * from cte) t;
## 不同名，这里应该是查询t2
explain basic with cte as (select c21 from t2)
select * from (with cte1 as (select c1 from t1) select * from cte) t;
with cte as (select c21 from t2)
select * from (with cte1 as (select c1 from t1) select * from cte) t;
## 三层，这里应该是查询t3
explain basic with cte as (select c21 from t2)
select * from (with cte as (select c1 from t1) select * from (with cte as (select c1 from t3) select * from cte) cte) t;
with cte as (select c21 from t2)
select * from (with cte as (select c1 from t1) select * from (with cte as (select c1 from t3) select * from cte) cte) t;
## PART 3.2 inline cte引用外层cte
explain basic with cte as (select 1 from dual) select * from (with cte1 as (select * from cte) select * from cte1);
with cte as (select 1 from dual) select * from (with cte1 as (select * from cte) select * from cte1);
explain basic WITH cte_outer AS (select * from t2)
select t1.*, t4.* from t1
left join
( select c21,c22 from cte_outer) t4
on
t4.c21=t1.c1;
WITH cte_outer AS (select * from t2)
select t1.*, t4.* from t1
left join
( select c21,c22 from cte_outer) t4
on
t4.c21=t1.c1;
explain basic WITH cte_outer AS (select * from t2)
select t3.*, t4.* from
( WITH cte_inner AS (select c1 from t1) select c1 from cte_inner where cte_inner.c1 > 1000) t3
left join
( WITH cte_inner(a, b) AS (select c1,c2 from t1) select c21,c22 from cte_outer where cte_outer.c21 > 1000) t4
on t4.c21=t3.c1
order by t4.c22;
WITH cte_outer AS (select * from t2)
select t3.*, t4.* from
( WITH cte_inner AS (select c1 from t1) select c1 from cte_inner where cte_inner.c1 > 1000) t3
left join
( WITH cte_inner(a, b) AS (select c1,c2 from t1) select c21,c22 from cte_outer where cte_outer.c21 > 1000) t4
on t4.c21=t3.c1
order by t4.c22;
## PART 3.3 inline cte中定义表名与已有表名重名，这里应该是查询了t1才对
explain basic select * from (WITH t2 AS (select c1 from t1) select c1 from t2 where t2.c1 > 1000) t;
select * from (WITH t2 AS (select c1 from t1) select c1 from t2 where t2.c1 > 1000) t;
## PART 3.4 inline cte出现在field list
explain basic select ( WITH cte AS (select c1 from t1) select c1 from cte where cte.c1 > 1000), t2.* from t2;
select ( WITH cte AS (select c1 from t1) select c1 from cte where cte.c1 > 1000), t2.* from t2;
## PART 3.5 inline cte之后看看列能否正常使用
explain basic select t3.* from ( WITH cte AS (select c1 from t1) select c1 from cte where cte.c1 > 1000) t3 where t3.c1 > 0;
select t3.* from ( WITH cte AS (select c1 from t1) select c1 from cte where cte.c1 > 1000) t3 where t3.c1 > 0;
explain basic select t3.*, t4.* from
(WITH cte AS (select c1 from t1) select c1 from cte where cte.c1 > 1000) t3
left join
(WITH cte(a, b) AS (select c1,c2 from t1) select a,b from cte where cte.a > 1000) t4
on t4.a=t3.c1
order by t4.b;
select t3.*, t4.* from
(WITH cte AS (select c1 from t1) select c1 from cte where cte.c1 > 1000) t3
left join
(WITH cte(a, b) AS (select c1,c2 from t1) select a,b from cte where cte.a > 1000) t4
on t4.a=t3.c1
order by t4.b;
## PART 3.6 inline cte别名后与外部cte做join
explain basic with cte as (select * from t1) select * from (with cte as (select * from t2) select * from cte) t3, cte where t3.c21 = cte.c1;
with cte as (select * from t1) select * from (with cte as (select * from t2) select * from cte) t3, cte where t3.c21 = cte.c1;
select * from (with cte as (select * from t2) select * from cte) t3, cte where t3.c21 = cte.c1;
#result is correct, last cte is point to t2
with cte as (select * from t1) select (with cte(col1, col2, col3) as(select * from t2) select count(*) from cte) from t1;
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select t11.c11 as c111 from (with cte3 as(select * from t3) select c1 as c11, c2 from cte1) cte1 join cte2 on t11.c2=cte2.c;
#result is correct
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select * from (with cte3 as(select * from t3) select c1 as c11, c2 from cte3) cte1 join cte2 on cte1.c11=cte2.c;
#result is correct
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c1, c2 FROM t1),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
select * from (with cte2 as(select * from t3) select c1 as c11, c2 from cte2) cte1 join cte2 on cte1.c11=cte2.c;
##############################
## PART 4 歧义语法
##############################
## 歧义语法
## with里面的column和select里面的column重名的情况测试
## mysql5.6中alias name不能出现在where子句中，但是可以出现在group by、having、order by子句中
## 如果普通列和alias name重复，那么在group by、having子句中优先使用基础列，并汇报WARNNING
## order by子句中，优先使用alias name
## 这里需要参考mysql8.0中实际使用结果，考虑with clause中定义表中列与基础列重名时的表现
## PART 4.1 cte使用时一列被别名为另外一个同名列并在where clause中使用
with
cte1 (c22, c21) AS (select c1, c2 from t1)
select c22 as c21, c21 from cte1 where c21 = 12;
## cte使用时一列被别名为另外一个同名列并在order_by_clause中使用
##ERROR 1052 (23000): Column 'c21' in order clause is ambiguous
with
cte1 (c22, c21) AS (select c1, c2 from t1)
select c22 as c21, c21 from cte1 order by c21;
## cte使用时一列被别名为另外一个同名列并在having clause中使用
#ERROR 1052 (23000): Column 'c21' in having clause is ambiguous
with
cte1 (c22, c21) AS (select c1, c2 from t1)
select c22 as c21, c21 from cte1 having c21 > 0;
## cte使用时一列被别名为另外一个同名列并在group_by_clause中使用
#ERROR 1052 (23000): Column 'c21' in group statement is ambiguous
with
cte1 (c22, c21) AS (select c1, c2 from t1)
select c22 as c21, c21 from cte1 group by c21;
with
cte1 (c22, c21) AS (select * from t1)
select c22 as c21, c21 from cte1 group by c21;
## cte的列名已经无法在被使用了，这种用法比较特殊
explain basic with cte as (select count(*) as k from t1) select * from cte where k = 1;
with cte as (select count(*) as k from t1) select * from cte where k = 1;
##############################
## section three
## PART 1 select for update
##############################
explain basic WITH
cte0 AS ( select * from t1)
select * from cte0 for update;
WITH
cte0 AS ( select * from t1)
select * from cte0 for update;
##############################
## PART 2 insert into
##############################
explain basic insert into t1 with cte as (select * from t1) SELECT * FROM cte;
insert into t1 with cte as (select * from t1) SELECT * FROM cte;
explain basic insert into t1 with cte (a,b,c) as (select c21,c22,c23 from t2) select a,b,a from cte;
insert into t1 with cte (a,b,c) as (select c21,c22,c23 from t2) select a,b,a from cte;
select * from t1;
##############################
## PART 3 update select
##############################
explain basic update t1 set c1=(with cte as (select count(*)+99 from t2 where c21=1) select * from cte) where c2 = 2;
update t1 set c1=(with cte as (select count(*)+99 from t2 where c21=1) select * from cte) where c2 = 2;
select * from t1;
##############################
## PART 4 select when
##############################
explain basic with cte as (select c1, max(c2), CASE max(c2) when 4 then 4 when 43 then 43 else 1 end from t1 group by c1 order by c1) select * from cte;
with cte as (select c1, max(c2), CASE max(c2) when 4 then 4 when 43 then 43 else 1 end from t1 group by c1 order by c1) select * from cte;
explain basic with cte(c1, c2) as (select t1.c1, t1.c2 from t1, t2 where t1.c1 = t2.c21) select c1, max(c2), CASE max(c2) when 4 then 4 when 43 then 43 else 1 end from cte group by c1 order by c1;
with cte(c1, c2) as (select t1.c1, t1.c2 from t1, t2 where t1.c1 = t2.c21) select c1, max(c2), CASE max(c2) when 4 then 4 when 43 then 43 else 1 end from cte group by c1 order by c1;
##############################
## PART 5 delete from
##############################
explain basic delete from t1 where c1 = ( with cte as (select max( c1 ) from ( select * from t1 )) select * from cte);
delete from t1 where c1 = ( with cte as (select max( c1 ) from ( select * from t1 )) select * from cte);
explain basic delete from t1 where c1 = ( with cte (a) as (select max( c1 ) from t1 ) select * from cte);
delete from t1 where c1 = ( with cte (a) as (select max( c1 ) from t1 ) select * from cte);
##############################
## other
##############################
with cte as (select * from t1) select 1 from dual;

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with cte(a,b) as (select 1 from dual) select * from cte;
with cte(a,b) as (with cte2(a,b) as (select 1,1 from dual) select a,b from cte) select * from cte;
with cte(a,a) as (select 1 from dual) select * from cte;
with cte as (select 1,1 from dual union all select a+1,b+1 from cte where cte.a < 10) select * from cte;
# MySQL不支持search depth关键字
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select 1,2,3 from dual
union all
select a+1,b+1,c+1 from cte where cte.c < 10
) search depth first by d set pcol select * from cte;
# MySQL不支持cycle关键字
with cte(n, x) as (select /*+ materialize */ 1,2 from dual) cycle n,n set iscyc to 'aaaaay' default 'n' select * from cte;
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select 1,2,3 from dual
union
select a+1,b+1,c+1 from cte, cte b where cte.c < 10 and b.c = cte.c
) select * from cte;
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select 1,2,3 from dual
union all
select 1,2,3 from dual
union all
select a+1,b+1,c+1 from cte, cte b where cte.c < 10 and b.c = cte.c
) select * from cte;
with t1 as (select c1 from t1) select * from t1;
## success
with cte1(a,b) as (select 'a','b' from dual), cte2 as (select * from cte1 where b > 'c'), cte3 as (select * from cte2 where a > 1 union select * from cte2 where a > 1) select * from cte3;
with cte(a) as (select 1,1 from dual union all select a+1, a+1 from cte where a+1 < 10) select * from cte;
with cte(n) AS (select 1 from dual UNION ALL select n+1 from cte where n < 3 UNION ALL select 2 from dual) select * from cte;
with cte(n) AS ( select 1 from dual UNION ALL select sum(n+1) from cte) select * from cte;
with cte(n) AS ( select 1 from dual UNION ALL select (select 1 from dual) from cte where cte.n < 2) select * from cte;
with cte (c1, c2, c3) as ( select * from ( select c1, c2, c3 from t1 union select c1, c2, c3 from t1) where c1 = 1 union all select * from t1 join cte c on t1.c1 = c.c1 where c.c1 < 10 ) select * from cte;
with cte(n) AS ( select 1 from cte) select * from cte;
with cte(n) AS (select 1 from dual UNION ALL select n+1 from cte where n < 3 order by n ) select * from cte;

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# cases in MySQL document: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/with.html
WITH RECURSIVE cte (n) AS
(
SELECT 1
UNION ALL
SELECT n + 1 FROM cte WHERE n < 5
)
SELECT * FROM cte;
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT 1 AS n, CAST('abc' AS CHAR(20)) AS str
UNION ALL
SELECT n + 1, CONCAT(str, str) FROM cte WHERE n < 3
)
SELECT * FROM cte;
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT 1 AS n, 1 AS p, -1 AS q
UNION ALL
SELECT n + 1, q * 2, p * 2 FROM cte WHERE n < 5
)
SELECT * FROM cte;
WITH RECURSIVE fibonacci (n, fib_n, next_fib_n) AS
(
SELECT 1, 0, 1
UNION ALL
SELECT n + 1, next_fib_n, fib_n + next_fib_n
FROM fibonacci WHERE n < 10
)
SELECT * FROM fibonacci;
WITH RECURSIVE fibonacci (n, fib_n, next_fib_n) AS
(
SELECT 1, 0, 1
UNION ALL
SELECT n + 1, next_fib_n, fib_n + next_fib_n
FROM fibonacci WHERE n < 10
)
SELECT fib_n FROM fibonacci WHERE n = 8;
create table sales(date DATE,price NUMBER(7,2));
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-03', '%Y-%m-%d'),100);
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-03', '%Y-%m-%d'),200);
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-06', '%Y-%m-%d'),50);
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-08', '%Y-%m-%d'),10);
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-08', '%Y-%m-%d'),20);
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-08', '%Y-%m-%d'),150);
insert into sales values(str_to_date('2017-01-10', '%Y-%m-%d'),5);
SELECT * FROM sales ORDER BY date, price;
SELECT date, SUM(price) AS sum_price
FROM sales
GROUP BY date
ORDER BY date;
WITH RECURSIVE dates (date) AS
(
SELECT MIN(date) FROM sales
UNION ALL
SELECT date + INTERVAL 1 DAY FROM dates
WHERE date + INTERVAL 1 DAY <= (SELECT MAX(date) FROM sales)
)
SELECT * FROM dates;
WITH RECURSIVE dates (date) AS
(
SELECT MIN(date) FROM sales
UNION ALL
SELECT date + INTERVAL 1 DAY FROM dates
WHERE date + INTERVAL 1 DAY <= (SELECT MAX(date) FROM sales)
)
SELECT dates.date, COALESCE(SUM(price), 0) AS sum_price
FROM dates LEFT JOIN sales ON dates.date = sales.date
GROUP BY dates.date
ORDER BY dates.date;
################################################################################################
### PART 1 SQL syntax
################################################################################################
WITH cte1(txt) AS (SELECT "This "),
cte2(txt) AS (SELECT CONCAT(cte1.txt,"is a ") FROM cte1),
cte3(txt) AS (SELECT "nice query" UNION
SELECT "query that rocks" UNION
SELECT "query"),
cte4(txt) AS (SELECT concat(cte2.txt, cte3.txt) FROM cte2, cte3)
SELECT MAX(txt), MIN(txt) FROM cte4;
WITH RECURSIVE my_cte AS
(
SELECT 1 AS n
UNION ALL
SELECT 1+n FROM my_cte WHERE n<10
)
SELECT * FROM my_cte;
CREATE TABLE numbers
WITH RECURSIVE my_cte(n) AS
(
SELECT 1
UNION ALL
SELECT 1+n FROM my_cte WHERE n<6
)
SELECT * FROM my_cte;
SELECT * FROM numbers;
INSERT INTO numbers
WITH RECURSIVE my_cte(n) AS
(
SELECT 1
UNION ALL
SELECT 1+n FROM my_cte WHERE n<6
)
SELECT * FROM my_cte;
SELECT * FROM numbers;
DELETE FROM numbers
WHERE numbers.n >
(
WITH RECURSIVE my_cte(n) AS
(
SELECT 1
UNION ALL
SELECT 1+n FROM my_cte WHERE n<6
)
SELECT AVG(n)/2 FROM my_cte
);
SELECT * FROM numbers;
################################################################################################
### PART 2 generating series
################################################################################################
WITH RECURSIVE my_cte AS
(
SELECT 1 as f, 1 as next_f
UNION ALL
SELECT next_f, f+next_f FROM my_cte WHERE f < 500
)
SELECT * FROM my_cte;
WITH RECURSIVE
digits AS
(
SELECT '0' AS d UNION ALL SELECT '1'
),
strings AS
(
SELECT CAST('' AS CHAR(4)) AS s
UNION ALL
SELECT CONCAT(strings.s, digits.d)
FROM strings, digits
WHERE LENGTH(strings.s) < 4
)
SELECT * FROM strings WHERE LENGTH(s)=4;
################################################################################################
### PART 3 hierarchies
################################################################################################
CREATE TABLE category(
category_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
parent INT DEFAULT NULL
);
INSERT INTO category VALUES(1,'ELECTRONICS',NULL),(2,'TELEVISIONS',1),(3,'TUBE',2),
(4,'LCD',2),(5,'PLASMA',2),(6,'PORTABLE ELECTRONICS',1),(7,'MP3 PLAYERS',6),(8,'FLASH',7),
(9,'CD PLAYERS',6),(10,'2 WAY RADIOS',6);
SELECT * FROM category ORDER BY category_id;
#Retrieving a Full Tree
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
# seed SELECT
SELECT category_id, name FROM category WHERE parent IS NULL
UNION ALL
# recursive SELECT
SELECT c.category_id, c.name FROM category c JOIN cte
ON cte.category_id=c.parent # find children
)
SELECT category_id, name FROM cte;
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT category_id, name, 0 AS depth FROM category WHERE parent IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT c.category_id, c.name, cte.depth+1 FROM category c JOIN cte ON
cte.category_id=c.parent
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY depth;
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT category_id, name, CAST(category_id AS CHAR(200)) AS path
FROM category WHERE parent IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT c.category_id, c.name, CONCAT(cte.path, ",", c.category_id)
FROM category c JOIN cte ON cte.category_id=c.parent
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY path;
#Finding all the leaf nodes
SELECT category_id, name FROM category
WHERE category_id NOT IN
# IDs of all parents:
(SELECT parent FROM category WHERE parent IS NOT NULL);
#Retrieving a Single Path
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT name, parent FROM category WHERE name='FLASH'
UNION ALL
SELECT c.name, c.parent FROM category c JOIN cte
ON c.category_id=cte.parent # find parent
)
SELECT * FROM cte;
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT name, parent, 0 as depth FROM category WHERE name='FLASH'
UNION ALL
SELECT c.name, c.parent, cte.depth-1 FROM category c JOIN cte
ON c.category_id=cte.parent
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY depth;
#Finding the Depth of the Nodes
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT category_id, CAST(name AS CHAR(200)) AS name,
CAST(category_id AS CHAR(200)) AS path,
0 as depth
FROM category WHERE parent IS NULL
UNION ALL
SELECT c.category_id,
CONCAT(REPEAT(' ', cte.depth+1), c.name), # indentation
CONCAT(cte.path, ",", c.category_id),
cte.depth+1
FROM category c JOIN cte ON
cte.category_id=c.parent
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY path;
#Depth of a sub-tree
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT category_id, name,
CAST(category_id AS CHAR(200)) AS path,
0 as depth
FROM category WHERE name='PORTABLE ELECTRONICS' # sub-tree root
UNION ALL
SELECT c.category_id,
c.name,
CONCAT(cte.path, ",", c.category_id),
cte.depth+1
FROM category c JOIN cte
ON cte.category_id=c.parent
)
SELECT * FROM cte ORDER BY path;
#Find the immediate subordinates of a node
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT category_id, name, 0 as depth
FROM category WHERE name='PORTABLE ELECTRONICS'
UNION ALL
SELECT c.category_id, c.name, cte.depth+1
FROM category c JOIN cte
ON cte.category_id=c.parent
WHERE cte.depth=0
)
SELECT * FROM cte;
#Aggregate functions in a nested set
CREATE TABLE product(
category_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
parent INT DEFAULT NULL
);
INSERT INTO product VALUES(1,'ELECTRONICS',NULL),(2,'TELEVISIONS',1),(3,'TUBE',2),
(4,'LCD',2),(5,'PLASMA',2),(6,'PORTABLE ELECTRONICS',1),(7,'MP3 PLAYERS',6),(8,'FLASH',7),
(9,'CD PLAYERS',6),(10,'2 WAY RADIOS',6);
WITH RECURSIVE cte AS
(
SELECT c.category_id, c.name AS cat_name, c.parent, p.name AS prod_name
FROM category c JOIN product p ON c.category_id=p.category_id
UNION ALL
SELECT c.category_id, c.name, c.parent, cte.prod_name
FROM cte JOIN category c ON c.category_id=cte.parent
)
SELECT cat_name, COUNT(*) AS prod_in_cat FROM cte
GROUP BY cat_name;
################################################################################################
### PART 4 depth-first or breadth-first traversal, transitive closure, cycle avoidance
################################################################################################
#Depth-first or breadth-first
CREATE TABLE tree (person CHAR(20), parent CHAR(20));
INSERT INTO tree VALUES
('Robert I', NULL),
('Thurimbert', 'Robert I'),
('Robert II', 'Thurimbert'),
('Cancor', 'Thurimbert'),
('Landrade', 'Thurimbert'),
('Ingramm', 'Thurimbert'),
('Robert III', 'Robert II'),
('Chaudegrand', 'Landrade'),
('Ermengarde', 'Ingramm');
WITH RECURSIVE descendants AS
(
SELECT person
FROM tree
WHERE person='Thurimbert'
UNION ALL
SELECT t.person
FROM descendants d, tree t
WHERE t.parent=d.person
)
SELECT * FROM descendants;
WITH RECURSIVE descendants AS
(
SELECT person, 1 as level
FROM tree
WHERE person='Thurimbert'
UNION ALL
SELECT t.person, d.level+1
FROM descendants d, tree t
WHERE t.parent=d.person
)
SELECT * FROM descendants ORDER BY level;
WITH RECURSIVE descendants AS
(
SELECT person, CAST(person AS CHAR(500)) AS path
FROM tree
WHERE person='Thurimbert'
UNION ALL
SELECT t.person, CONCAT(d.path, ',', t.person)
FROM descendants d, tree t
WHERE t.parent=d.person
)
SELECT * FROM descendants ORDER BY path;
#Computing transitive closures with simple cycle avoidance
CREATE TABLE rockets
(origin CHAR(20), destination CHAR(20), trip_time INT);
INSERT INTO rockets VALUES
('Earth', 'Mars', 2),
('Mars', 'Jupiter', 3),
('Jupiter', 'Saturn', 4);
WITH RECURSIVE all_destinations AS
(
SELECT destination AS planet
FROM rockets
WHERE origin='Earth'
UNION ALL
SELECT r.destination
FROM rockets r, all_destinations d
WHERE r.origin=d.planet
)
SELECT * FROM all_destinations;
INSERT INTO rockets VALUES ('Saturn', 'Earth', 9);
WITH RECURSIVE all_destinations AS
(
SELECT destination AS planet
FROM rockets
WHERE origin='Earth'
UNION ALL
SELECT r.destination
FROM rockets r, all_destinations d
WHERE r.origin=d.planet
)
SELECT * FROM all_destinations;
#More complex cycle avoidance
WITH RECURSIVE all_destinations AS
(
SELECT destination AS planet, trip_time AS total_time,
CAST(destination AS CHAR(500)) AS path
FROM rockets
WHERE origin='Earth'
UNION ALL
SELECT r.destination, d.total_time+r.trip_time,
CONCAT(d.path, ',', r.destination)
FROM rockets r, all_destinations d
WHERE r.origin=d.planet
AND FIND_IN_SET(r.destination, d.path)=0
)
SELECT * FROM all_destinations;
WITH RECURSIVE all_destinations AS
(
SELECT destination AS planet, trip_time AS total_time,
CAST(destination AS CHAR(500)) AS path, 0 AS is_cycle
FROM rockets
WHERE origin='Earth'
UNION ALL
SELECT r.destination, d.total_time+r.trip_time,
CONCAT(d.path, ',', r.destination),
FIND_IN_SET(r.destination, d.path)!=0
FROM rockets r, all_destinations d
WHERE r.origin=d.planet
AND is_cycle=0
)
SELECT * FROM all_destinations;

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drop table EMP;
create table EMP (
EMPno number,
ENAME VARCHAR(30),
JOB VARCHAR(30),
MGR number(4),
HIREDATE date,
SAL number(7,2),
COMM number(7,2),
DEPTNO number(2)
) ;
INSERT INTO EMP values (7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17','%Y-%m-%d'),800,NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,str_to_date('1981-02-20','%Y-%m-%d'),1600,300,30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22','%Y-%m-%d'),1250, 500, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02','%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28','%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, 'BLAKE','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01','%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, 'CLARK','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09','%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, NULL, 10) ;
insert into EMP values (7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19','%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, 'KING','PRESIDENT', NULL, str_to_date('1981-11-17','%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, NULL, 10) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, 'TURNER','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08','%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7876, 'ADAMS','CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23','%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7900, 'JAMES', 'CLEARK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03','%Y-%m-%d'), 950, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7902, 'FORD','ANALYST',7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03','%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7934,'MILLER','CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-01-23','%Y-%m-%d'), 1300,NULL, 10) ;
drop table emp1;
CREATE TABLE emp1 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09'
, '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1981-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-01-23',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (8100, 'Eve', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1984-05-01',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (8101, 'Eve1', 'MANAGER', 8100, str_to_date('1984-05-01',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (8108, 'Eve8', 'CLERK', 8101, str_to_date('1984-05-01',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
result_format: 4
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 1:
## - recursive WITH Query: Nested Loop Join
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ USE_NL(r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 2:
## - recursive WITH Query: SORT MERGE Join
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ USE_MERGE(r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 3:
## - recursive WITH Query: Hash Join
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ USE_HASH(r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 4:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join in Initialisation Branch
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT /*+ USE_NL(e d) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM emp e, emp d
WHERE e.sal = d. sal
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ USE_HASH(r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e, emp d
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and e.sal = d.sal
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 6:
## - recursive WITH Query: Hash Join without using hints
## Static input on build side and fits in memory
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM emp e, rw r
WHERE e.mgr = r.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 7:
## - recursive WITH Query: Hash Join without using hints
## Static input on probe side and fits in memory
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## 测试8-15都是在测试join的顺序或者hint的顺序
## Test Case 8:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## pump >< emp >< emp1
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM rw r, emp e, emp1 n
WHERE r.mgr = e.empno and e.mgr = n.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 9:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp >< pump >< emp1
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM emp e, rw r, emp1 n
WHERE e.empno = r.mgr and e.mgr = n.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 10:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp >< emp1 >< pump
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n, rw r
WHERE e.mgr = n.empno and e.empno = r.mgr and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 11:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp1 >< emp >< pump
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM emp1 n, emp e, rw r
WHERE n.empno = e.mgr and e.empno = r.mgr and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 12:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## pump >< emp
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 13:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp >< pump
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM emp e, rw r
WHERE e.mgr = r.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 14:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp1 >< pump >< emp
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM emp1 n, rw r, emp e
WHERE n.empno = e.mgr and r.mgr = e.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 15:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## pump >< emp1 >< emp
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM rw r, emp1 n, emp e
WHERE r.mgr = e.empno and n.empno = e.mgr and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 16:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Skew handling. No local filter
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ PQ_SKEW (r) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 17:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Skew handling with an additional local filter
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ PQ_SKEW (r) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
CREATE TABLE tenk1 (
unique1 int,
unique2 int,
two int,
four int,
ten int,
twenty int,
hundred int,
thousand int,
twothousand int,
fivethous int,
tenthous int,
odd int,
even int,
stringu1 VARCHAR(50),
stringu2 VARCHAR(50),
string4 VARCHAR(50)
);
WITH q1(x,y) AS (SELECT 1,2 FROM DUAL)
SELECT * FROM q1, q1 q2;
SELECT count(*) FROM (
WITH q1(x) AS (SELECT 1 FROM dual)
SELECT * FROM q1
UNION
SELECT * FROM q1
) ss;
CREATE TABLE department (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
parent_department INTEGER,
name VARCHAR(100)
);
INSERT INTO department VALUES (0, NULL, 'ROOT');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (1, 0, 'A');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (2, 1, 'B');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (3, 2, 'C');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (4, 2, 'D');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (5, 0, 'E');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (6, 4, 'F');
INSERT INTO department VALUES (7, 5, 'G');
WITH subdepartment(lev, id, parent_department, name) AS
(
SELECT 1, a.* FROM department a WHERE name = 'A'
UNION ALL
SELECT sd.lev + 1, d.* FROM department d, subdepartment sd WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
)
SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name;
WITH subdepartment(lev, id, parent_department, name) AS
(
SELECT 1, a.* FROM department a WHERE name = 'A'
UNION ALL
SELECT sd.lev + 1, d.* FROM department d, subdepartment sd WHERE d.parent_department = sd.id
)
SELECT * FROM subdepartment WHERE lev >= 2 ORDER BY name;
WITH subdepartment AS
(
SELECT * FROM department WHERE name = 'A'
)
SELECT * FROM subdepartment ORDER BY name;
SELECT count(*) FROM (
WITH t(n) AS (
SELECT 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL SELECT n + 1 FROM t WHERE n < 500
)
SELECT * FROM t) t WHERE n < (
SELECT count(*) FROM (
WITH t(n) AS (
SELECT 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL SELECT n + 1 FROM t WHERE n < 100
)
SELECT * FROM t WHERE n < 50000
) t WHERE n < 100);
WITH q1(x,y) AS (
SELECT hundred, sum(ten) FROM tenk1 GROUP BY hundred
)
SELECT count(*) FROM q1 WHERE y > (SELECT sum(y)/100 FROM q1 qsub);
WITH t(i,j) AS (
select 1, 1 from dual
UNION ALL
SELECT t2.i, t.j+1 FROM (SELECT 2 AS i FROM DUAL UNION ALL SELECT 3 AS i FROM DUAL) t2 JOIN t ON (t2.i = t.i+1))
SELECT * FROM t;
create table graph( f int, t int, label VARCHAR(50) );
insert into graph values
(1, 2, 'arc 1 -> 2');
insert into graph values
(1, 3, 'arc 1 -> 3');
insert into graph values
(2, 3, 'arc 2 -> 3');
insert into graph values
(1, 4, 'arc 1 -> 4');
insert into graph values
(4, 5, 'arc 4 -> 5');
insert into graph values
(5, 1, 'arc 5 -> 1');
WITH
y (id) AS (select 1 from dual),
x (id) AS (SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5)
SELECT * FROM x;
WITH
x(id) AS
(select 1 from dual UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5),
y(id) AS
(select 1 from dual UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM y WHERE id < 10)
SELECT y.*, x.* FROM y LEFT JOIN x on y.id = x.id;
WITH
x(id) AS
(select 1 from dual UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 5),
y(id) AS
(select 1 from dual UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 10)
SELECT y.*, x.* FROM y LEFT JOIN x on y.id = x.id;
WITH
x(id) AS
(SELECT 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 3 ),
y(id) AS
(SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x),
z(id) AS
(SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM z WHERE id < 10)
SELECT * FROM z;
WITH
x(id) AS
(SELECT 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM x WHERE id < 3 ),
y(id) AS
(SELECT * FROM x UNION ALL SELECT * FROM x),
z(id) AS
(SELECT * FROM y UNION ALL SELECT id+1 FROM z WHERE id < 10)
SELECT * FROM z;
CREATE TABLE y (a INTEGER);
insert into y values(1);
insert into y values(2);
insert into y values(3);
insert into y values(4);
insert into y values(5);
insert into y values(6);
insert into y values(7);
insert into y values(8);
insert into y values(9);
insert into y values(10);
WITH x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT x.n+1 FROM x LEFT JOIN y ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
SELECT * FROM x;
WITH x(n) AS (SELECT a FROM y WHERE a = 1
UNION ALL
SELECT x.n+1 FROM y RIGHT JOIN x ON x.n = y.a WHERE n < 10)
SELECT * FROM x;
WITH x(n) AS (SELECT 1 from dual UNION ALL SELECT count(*) FROM x)
SELECT * FROM x;
WITH x(n) AS (SELECT 1 from dual UNION ALL SELECT sum(n) FROM x)
SELECT * FROM x;
WITH x(n) AS (SELECT 1 from dual UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x where n < 10 ORDER BY 1 ) SELECT * FROM x;
WITH x(n) AS (SELECT 1 FROM DUAL UNION ALL SELECT n+1 FROM x where n < 10 FOR UPDATE)
SELECT * FROM x;
CREATE TABLE x (n integer);
with cte(foo) as ( select 42 from dual) select * from ((select foo from cte)) q;
select ( with cte(foo) as ( select 1 from dual )
select (select foo from cte) from dual)
from tenk1;
WITH outermost(x) AS (
SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2 FROM DUAL)
SELECT * FROM innermost
UNION SELECT 3 FROM DUAL)
)
SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;
WITH outermost(x) AS (
SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
UNION (WITH innermost as (SELECT 2 FROM DUAL)
SELECT * FROM outermost # fail
UNION SELECT * FROM innermost)
)
SELECT * FROM outermost ORDER BY 1;

1595
test/mysql_test/test_suite/with_clause/t/cte_without_explain_mysql.test Normal file
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1911
test/mysql_test/test_suite/with_clause/t/dis_recursive_mysql.test Normal file
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test/mysql_test/test_suite/with_clause/t/recursive_bug_mysql.test Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
with cte1(c1, c2) as
(select 1, '0' from dual
union all select 2, '1' from dual
),
cte2(c1, c2) as
(select '0', 1 from dual
union all select cte1.c2, cte1.c1 from cte2, cte1 where 10 = cte2.c1)
select * from cte1;

382
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@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
drop table EMP,DEPT,emp1,emp2;
create table EMP (
EMPno number,
ENAME varchar(30),
JOB varchar(30),
MGR number(4),
HIREDATE date,
SAL number(7,2),
COMM number(7,2),
DEPTNO number(2)
) ;
create table DEPT(
DEPTNO number(2),
DNAME(45),
LOC varchar(39)
) ;
CREATE TABLE emp1 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
CREATE TABLE emp2 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
insert into EMP values (7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17','%Y-%m-%d'),800,NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,str_to_date('1981-02-20','%Y-%m-%d'),1600,300,30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22','%Y-%m-%d'),1250, 500, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02','%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28','%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, 'BLAKE','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01','%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, 'CLARK','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09','%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, NULL, 10) ;
insert into EMP values (7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19','%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, 'KING','PRESIDENT', NULL, str_to_date('1981-11-17','%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, NULL, 10) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, 'TURNER','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08','%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7876, 'ADAMS','CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23','%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7900, 'JAMES', 'CLEARK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03','%Y-%m-%d'), 950, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7902, 'FORD','ANALYST',7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03','%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7934,'MILLER','CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-06-23','%Y-%m-%d'), 1300,NULL, 10) ;
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09' , '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1981-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-01-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8100',400,'5'), 'Eve', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8101',3000,'5'), 'Eve1', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8100',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8102',3000,'5'), 'Eve2', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8101',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8103',3000,'5'), 'Eve3', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8102',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8104',3000,'5'), 'Eve4', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8103',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8105',3000,'5'), 'Eve5', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8104',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8106',3000,'5'), 'Eve6', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8105',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8107',400,'5'), 'Eve7', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8106',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8108',400,'5'), 'Eve8', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8107',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8109',400,'5'), 'Eve9', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8108',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8110',400,'5'), 'Eve10', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8109',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8111',400,'5'), 'Eve11', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8110',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8112',400,'5'), 'Eve12', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8111',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8113',400,'5'), 'Eve13', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8112',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8114',400,'5'), 'Eve14', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8113',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8115',400,'5'), 'Eve15', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8114',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8116',400,'5'), 'Eve16', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8115',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8117',400,'5'), 'Eve17', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8116',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8118',400,'5'), 'Eve18', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8117',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8119',400,'5'), 'Eve19', 'CLERK', LPAD('8118',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (4002, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 5002, str_to_date('1980-12-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5003, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5004, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-02-22', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6001, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5005, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6002, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6003, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09' , '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5001, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 6001, str_to_date('1987-08-19', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1987-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5006, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (4001, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 5001, str_to_date('1987-05-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5007, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 6002, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5002, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 6001, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5008, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 6003, str_to_date('1982-01-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 1:
## - recursive WITH Query: no cycle clause used in query in acyclic data
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
update emp set mgr = 7788 where ename = 'KING';
drop table emp1;
drop table emp2;
CREATE TABLE emp1 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
CREATE TABLE emp2 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09' , '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1981-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-01-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8100',400,'5'), 'Eve', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8101',3000,'5'), 'Eve1', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8100',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8102',3000,'5'), 'Eve2', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8101',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8103',3000,'5'), 'Eve3', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8102',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8104',3000,'5'), 'Eve4', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8103',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8105',3000,'5'), 'Eve5', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8104',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8106',3000,'5'), 'Eve6', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8105',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8107',400,'5'), 'Eve7', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8106',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8108',400,'5'), 'Eve8', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8107',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8109',400,'5'), 'Eve9', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8108',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8110',400,'5'), 'Eve10', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8109',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8111',400,'5'), 'Eve11', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8110',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8112',400,'5'), 'Eve12', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8111',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8113',400,'5'), 'Eve13', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8112',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8114',400,'5'), 'Eve14', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8113',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8115',400,'5'), 'Eve15', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8114',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8116',400,'5'), 'Eve16', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8115',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8117',400,'5'), 'Eve17', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8116',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8118',400,'5'), 'Eve18', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8117',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8119',400,'5'), 'Eve19', 'CLERK', LPAD('8118',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (4002, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 5002, str_to_date('1980-12-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5003, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5004, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-02-22', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6001, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5005, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6002, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6003, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09' , '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5001, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 6001, str_to_date('1987-08-19', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1987-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5006, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (4001, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 5001, str_to_date('1987-05-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5007, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 6002, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5002, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 6001, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5008, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 6003, str_to_date('1982-01-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 2:
## - recursive WITH Query(Negative): cycle clause not used in query with
## cyclic data
## =======================================================================
/* add loop from scott back to king in emp */
update emp set mgr = 7788 where ename = 'KING';
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
drop table emp1;
drop table emp2;
CREATE TABLE emp1 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
CREATE TABLE emp2 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09' , '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1981-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-01-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8100',400,'5'), 'Eve', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8101',3000,'5'), 'Eve1', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8100',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8102',3000,'5'), 'Eve2', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8101',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8103',3000,'5'), 'Eve3', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8102',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8104',3000,'5'), 'Eve4', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8103',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8105',3000,'5'), 'Eve5', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8104',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8106',3000,'5'), 'Eve6', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8105',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8107',400,'5'), 'Eve7', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8106',3000,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8108',400,'5'), 'Eve8', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8107',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8109',400,'5'), 'Eve9', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8108',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8110',400,'5'), 'Eve10', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8109',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8111',400,'5'), 'Eve11', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8110',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8112',400,'5'), 'Eve12', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8111',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8113',400,'5'), 'Eve13', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8112',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8114',400,'5'), 'Eve14', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8113',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8115',400,'5'), 'Eve15', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8114',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8116',400,'5'), 'Eve16', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8115',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8117',400,'5'), 'Eve17', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8116',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8118',400,'5'), 'Eve18', 'MANAGER', LPAD('8117',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (LPAD('8119',400,'5'), 'Eve19', 'CLERK', LPAD('8118',400,'5'), str_to_date('1984-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (4002, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 5002, str_to_date('1980-12-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5003, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5004, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-02-22', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6001, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5005, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6002, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01', '%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (6003, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09' , '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5001, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 6001, str_to_date('1987-08-19', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1987-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5006, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 6002, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (4001, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 5001, str_to_date('1987-05-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5007, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 6002, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5002, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 6001, str_to_date('1981-12-03', '%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp2 values (5008, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 6003, str_to_date('1982-01-23', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
update emp2 set mgr = 5001 where ename = 'KING';
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 3:
## - recursive WITH Query: Cycle Pruning with Cycle clause not used in the query
## Pruning predicate added that results in no cycles e.mgr < e.empno
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp2 e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp2 e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and e.mgr < e.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 4:
## - recursive WITH Query: Cycle Pruning with Cycle clause not used in the query
## Pruning predicate added that results in no cycles e.mgr > e.empno
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp2 e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp2 e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and e.mgr > e.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 5:
## - recursive WITH Query: Cycle Pruning with Cycle clause not used in the query
## Pruning predicate added that results in no cycles r.empno < e.empno
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp2 e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp2 e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and r.empno < e.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 6:
## - recursive WITH Query: Cycle Pruning with Cycle clause not used in the query
## Pruning predicate added that results in no cycles r.empno > e.empno
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp2 e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp2 e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and r.empno > e.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;

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@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
drop table EMP;
create table EMP (
EMPno number,
ENAME VARCHAR(30),
JOB VARCHAR(30),
MGR number(4),
HIREDATE date,
SAL number(7,2),
COMM number(7,2),
DEPTNO number(2)
) ;
INSERT INTO EMP values (7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17','%Y-%m-%d'),800,NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,str_to_date('1981-02-20','%Y-%m-%d'),1600,300,30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22','%Y-%m-%d'),1250, 500, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02','%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28','%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, 'BLAKE','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01','%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, 'CLARK','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09','%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, NULL, 10) ;
insert into EMP values (7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19','%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, 'KING','PRESIDENT', NULL, str_to_date('1981-11-17','%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, NULL, 10) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, 'TURNER','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08','%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7876, 'ADAMS','CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23','%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7900, 'JAMES', 'CLEARK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03','%Y-%m-%d'), 950, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7902, 'FORD','ANALYST',7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03','%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7934,'MILLER','CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-01-23','%Y-%m-%d'), 1300,NULL, 10) ;
drop table emp1;
CREATE TABLE emp1 (
empno VARCHAR(4000) NOT NULL,
ename VARCHAR(14),
job VARCHAR(9),
mgr VARCHAR(4000),
hiredate DATE,
sal NUMBER(7,2),
comm NUMBER(7,2),
deptno NUMBER(2));
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7369, 'SMITH', 'CLERK', 7902, str_to_date('1980-12-17',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 800, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7499, 'ALLEN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-20', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1600, 300, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7521, 'WARD', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-02-22',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 500, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7566, 'JONES', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-08-02',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2975, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7654, 'MARTIN', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-28', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1250, 1400, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7698, 'BLAKE', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-05-01',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7782, 'CLARK', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1981-06-09'
, '%Y-%m-%d'), 2450, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7788, 'SCOTT', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1987-08-19',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7839, 'KING', 'PRESIDENT', null, str_to_date('1981-11-17', '%Y-%m-%d'), 5000, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7844, 'TURNER', 'SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('1981-09-08', '%Y-%m-%d'), 1500, 0, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7876, 'ADAMS', 'CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('1987-05-23',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 1100, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7900, 'JAMES', 'CLERK', 7698, str_to_date('1981-12-03',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 950, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7902, 'FORD', 'ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('1981-12-03',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 3000, null, 20);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (7934, 'MILLER', 'CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('1982-01-23',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 1300, null, 10);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (8100, 'Eve', 'MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('1984-05-01',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (8101, 'Eve1', 'MANAGER', 8100, str_to_date('1984-05-01',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
INSERT INTO emp1 values (8108, 'Eve8', 'CLERK', 8101, str_to_date('1984-05-01',
'%Y-%m-%d'), 2850, null, 30);
result_format: 4
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 1:
## - recursive WITH Query: Nested Loop Join
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ USE_NL(r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 2:
## - recursive WITH Query: SORT MERGE Join
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ USE_MERGE(r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 3:
## - recursive WITH Query: Hash Join
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ USE_HASH(r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 4:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join in Initialisation Branch
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT /*+ USE_NL(e d) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM emp e, emp d
WHERE e.sal = d. sal
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ USE_HASH(r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e, emp d
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and e.sal = d.sal
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 6:
## - recursive WITH Query: Hash Join without using hints
## Static input on build side and fits in memory
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM emp e, rw r
WHERE e.mgr = r.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 7:
## - recursive WITH Query: Hash Join without using hints
## Static input on probe side and fits in memory
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## 测试8-15都是在测试join的顺序或者hint的顺序
## Test Case 8:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## pump >< emp >< emp1
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM rw r, emp e, emp1 n
WHERE r.mgr = e.empno and e.mgr = n.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 9:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp >< pump >< emp1
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM emp e, rw r, emp1 n
WHERE e.empno = r.mgr and e.mgr = n.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 10:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp >< emp1 >< pump
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n, rw r
WHERE e.mgr = n.empno and e.empno = r.mgr and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 11:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp1 >< emp >< pump
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM emp1 n, emp e, rw r
WHERE n.empno = e.mgr and e.empno = r.mgr and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 12:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## pump >< emp
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 13:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp >< pump
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM emp e, rw r
WHERE e.mgr = r.empno
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 14:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## emp1 >< pump >< emp
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM emp1 n, rw r, emp e
WHERE n.empno = e.mgr and r.mgr = e.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 15:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Order tests
## pump >< emp1 >< emp
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (empno, mgr, iters, sal) AS
(
SELECT e.empno, e.mgr, 1, e.sal
FROM emp e, emp1 n1, emp1 n2
WHERE e.empno = n1.empno and e.mgr = n2.empno and e.empno < e.mgr
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_HASH (r e) */r.empno, e.mgr, r.iters + 1, r.sal + e.sal
FROM rw r, emp1 n, emp e
WHERE r.mgr = e.empno and n.empno = e.mgr and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT *
FROM rw
ORDER BY 1, 3;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 16:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Skew handling. No local filter
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ PQ_SKEW (r) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 17:
## - recursive WITH Query: Join Skew handling with an additional local filter
## =======================================================================
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno
FROM emp e
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT'
UNION ALL
SELECT /*+ PQ_SKEW (r) */ e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr and e.empno < e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr
FROM rw;

524
test/mysql_test/test_suite/with_clause/t/recursive_mysql.test Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
drop table emp;
create table emp (id int, name varchar(20), leaderid int);
insert into emp values(1, 'A', '0');
insert into emp values(2, 'AA', '1');
insert into emp values(3, 'AB', '1');
insert into emp values(4, 'ABA', '3');
insert into emp values(5, 'AAA', '2');
insert into emp values(6, 'ABB', '3');
insert into emp values(7, 'AAA', '5');
insert into emp values(8, 'AAA', '7');
insert into emp values(9, 'AAAA', '5');
insert into emp values(10, 'AAAB', '5');
insert into emp values(11, 'AAAC', '5');
insert into emp values(12, 'AAAA', '5');
drop table dsemp;
create table dsemp (id int, name varchar(20), leaderid int) partition by hash (id) partitions 3;
insert into dsemp values(1, 'A', '0');
insert into dsemp values(2, 'AA', '1');
insert into dsemp values(3, 'AB', '1');
insert into dsemp values(4, 'ABA', '3');
insert into dsemp values(5, 'AAA', '2');
insert into dsemp values(6, 'ABB', '3');
insert into dsemp values(7, 'AAA', '5');
insert into dsemp values(8, 'AAA', '7');
insert into dsemp values(9, 'AAAA', '5');
insert into dsemp values(10, 'AAAB', '5');
insert into dsemp values(11, 'AAAC', '5');
insert into dsemp values(12, 'AAAA', '5');
drop table t1;
create table t1(c1 int, c2 int, c3 int);
insert into t1 values(1, 2, 3);
insert into t1 values(4, 5, 6);
insert into t1 values(7, 8, 9);
insert into t1 values(10, 11, 12);
insert into t1 values(13, 14, 15);
insert into t1 values(16, 17, 18);
insert into t1 values(19, 20, 21);
drop table t2;
create table t2 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int);
insert into t2 values(1,1,3);
insert into t2 values(2,2,3);
insert into t2 values(3,3,3);
insert into t2 values(4,4,3);
insert into t2 values(5,5,3);
drop table t44;
create table t44 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int);
insert into t44 values(1,1,3);
insert into t44 values(2,2,3);
insert into t44 values(3,3,3);
drop table insert_t;
create table insert_t (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int);
drop table t3;
create table t3(c1 int primary key, c2 int, c3 varchar(32)) partition by hash (c1) partitions 3;
drop table troot;
create table troot(c1 int primary key, c2 int, c3 int unique);
insert into troot values(1, 0, -1);
insert into troot values(2, 1, -2);
insert into troot values(3, 1, -3);
insert into troot values(4, 2, -4);
insert into troot values(5, 2, -5);
insert into troot values(6, 2, -6);
insert into troot values(7, 3, -7);
insert into troot values(8, 3, -8);
insert into troot values(9, 1, -9);
insert into troot values(10, 9, -10);
insert into troot values(11, 10, -11);
insert into troot values(12, 7, -12);
insert into troot values(13, 4, -13);
drop table t4;
create table t4(id int, value char(10), parent_id int);
insert into t4 values(1, 'A', NULL);
insert into t4 values(2, 'B', 1);
insert into t4 values(3, 'C', 1);
insert into t4 values(4, 'D', 1);
insert into t4 values(5, 'E', 2);
insert into t4 values(6, 'F', 2);
insert into t4 values(7, 'G', 4);
insert into t4 values(8, 'H', 6);
drop table z;
create table z(zc int);
insert into z values(1);
insert into z values(2);
insert into z values(3);
insert into z values(4);
insert into z values(5);
insert into z values(6);
insert into z values(7);
insert into z values(8);
insert into z values(9);
##############################
## section one cte定义
## PART 1 定义表名的限制
## PART 2 单个的定义
## PART 3 多个定义
## PART 4 subquery的变化
## section two cte的使用
## PART 0 cte结果正确性验证
## PART 1 cte出现在normal型查询语句中
## PART 2 cte出现在set型查询语句中
## PART 3 关于数学的复杂case
## section three cte能够出现的句式
## PART 1 insert into
## PART 2 select when
## PART 3 delete from
##############################
##############################
## section one
## PART 1 定义表名的限制
##############################
## PART 1.1 表名，列名不能是保留关键字，可以是分保留关键字
WITH explain(a) as (select 1 from dual union all select a+1 from explain where a+1 < 10) select * from explain;
WITH cte(explain) as (select 1 from dual union all select explain+1 from cte where explain+1 < 10) select * from cte;
## PART 1.2 允许与已有的表重名
WITH t4(a) as (select 1 from dual union all select a+1 from t4 where a+1 < 10) select * from t4;
##############################
## PART 2 单个的定义
##############################
## PART 2.1 定义列名重复
## 32049. 00000 - "duplicate name found in column alias list for WITH clause"
with cte(a,a) as (select 1,1 from dual union all select a+1, a+1 from cte where a+1 < 10) select * from cte;
## PART 2.2.1 定义列数量与查询产生列一致或不一致
with cte(a,b) as (select 1,1 from dual union all select a+1, a+1 from cte where a+1 < 10) select * from cte;
## 32038. 00000 - "number of WITH clause column names does not match number of elements in select list"
with cte(a,b,c) as (select 1,1 from dual union all select a+1, a+1 from cte where a+1 < 10) select * from cte;
with cte(a) as (select 1,1 from dual union all select a+1, a+1 from cte where a+1 < 10) select * from cte;
## PART 2.2.2 不使用定义列使用原来的列
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select c1,c2,c3 from t1 where t1.c1 < 20
union all
select c1,c2,c3 from t1, cte where cte.a = t1.c1 and cte.c < 10
) select c1,c2,c3 from cte;
##############################
## PART 3 多个的定义
##############################
## 混合递归和非递归，前面的cte对后面的可见
with cte as (select * from t1) ,
cte_recursive (n) as (select 1 from dual union all select n+1 from cte_recursive where n < 23)
select (select count(*) from cte_recursive) from t1;
with cte(n) as (select c1 from t1) ,
cte_recursive (n) as (select 1 from dual union all select n+1 from cte where n < 23)
select * from cte_recursive;
with cte(n) as (select c1 from t1) ,
cte_recursive (n) as (select 1 from dual union all select n+1 from cte where n < 23)
select (select count(*) from cte_recursive) from t1;
## PART 3.1 前面的定义引用后面的，后面的引用前面的
WITH
cte1 (a, b) AS (SELECT c, d FROM cte2),
cte2 (c, d) AS (SELECT c21, c22 FROM t2)
SELECT b, d FROM cte1 JOIN cte2
on cte1.a = cte2.c;
with
cte1 AS (select c1 from t1),
cte2 AS (select c1 from cte1)
select * from cte1;
## PART 3.2.1 直接嵌套定义，MySQL支持这样的直接嵌套
with
cte1 AS (
with cte2 AS (select c1 from t1)
select c1 from cte2
)
select c1 from cte1;
with
cte1 (cte1col) AS (
with cte2 (cte2col) AS (select c1 from t1)
select cte2col from cte2
)
select cte1col from cte1;
with
cte1 (cte1col) AS (
with cte2 (cte2col1, cte2col2) AS (select c1, c2 from t1)
select cte2col2 from cte2
)
select cte1col from cte1;
## PART 3.2.2 在子查询中进行嵌套
## 32034. 00000 - "unsupported use of WITH clause"
with cte(a,b) as (select * from (with cteb(a, b) as (select c1, c2 from t1 union all select c+1, d+1 from cteb where c < 100) select * from cteb) bac) select * from cte;
with cteb(a,b) as
(
select c1, c2 from t1 union all select a+1, b+1 from cteb where a < 100
),
cte(c,d) as
(
select * from cteb bac
)
select * from cte;
## PART 3.2.3 测试能不能正确解析普通的union all
with cte(a) as (select 1 from dual union all select 2 from dual), cte_1(b) as (select 1 from dual union all select * from cte) select * from cte_1;
##############################
## PART 4 subquery的变化
##############################
## PART 4.1.0 subquery的变化(限制)
## 递归的句式主要变化在左支可以很负责，右支作join的的表可以是子查询，这个子查询可以写的
## 非常的复杂
## 递归cte只能有两个入口
with cte(n) AS (select 1 from dual UNION ALL select n+1 from cte where n < 3 UNION ALL select 2 from dual) select * from cte;
## 递归必须包含union all
with cte(n) AS ( select 1 from cte) select * from cte;
set @@ob_query_timeout=1000000;
##32486. 00000 - "unsupported operation in recursive branch of recursive WITH clause "
with cte(n) AS ( select 1 from dual UNION ALL select sum(n+1) from cte) select * from cte;
set @@ob_query_timeout=10000000;
##递归查询只允许有两个入口
with cte(n) AS (select 1 from dual UNION ALL select n+1 from cte where n < 3 union all select n+1 from cte where n < 2) select * from cte;
with cte(n) as (select 1 from dual union all select c1 from t1 union all (with cte(n) as (select c1 from t1) select * from cte)) select * from cte;
with cte(n) as (select n from (select 1 from dual union all select n+1 from cte) tmp) select * from cte;
## 不能出现在right join的左边，left join的右边，full join的两边
with cte(n) AS (select c1 from t1 UNION ALL select n+1 from cte right join t2 on cte.n < 3 and t2.c1 < 22) select * from cte;
with cte(n) AS (select c1 from t1 UNION ALL select n+1 from t2 left join cte on cte.n < 3 and t2.c1 < 22) select * from cte;
with cte(n) AS (select c1 from t1 UNION ALL select n+1 from t2 full join cte on cte.n < 3 and t2.c1 < 22) select * from cte;
with cte(n) AS (select c1 from t1 UNION ALL select n+1 from cte full join t2 on cte.n < 3 and t2.c1 < 22) select * from cte;
set @@ob_query_timeout=10000000;
## PART 4.2 左支不停的变化
## 带有where
with
cte2(c,d) AS (SELECT c1,c2 from t1 where c1 < 3 union all select c+1, d+1 from cte2 where c < 10)
select c,d from cte2;
with
cte2(c,d) AS (SELECT c1,c2 from t1 where c1+'1' <= 3 union all select c+1, d+1 from cte2 where c < 10)
select c,d from cte2;
## 带有group
with
cte2(c,d) AS (SELECT c1,c2 from t1 group by c1,c2 union all select c+1, d+1 from cte2 where c < 10)
select c,d from cte2;
## 带有having
with
cte2(c,d) AS (SELECT c1,c2 from t1 where t1.c1 > 5 union all select c+1, d+1 from cte2 where c < 30)
select c,d from cte2;
## 带有order
with
cte2(c,d) AS ( select c1, c2 + 1 as c3 from t1 order by c2 union all select c+1, d+1 from cte2 where c < 30)
select c,d from cte2;
with
cte2(c,d) AS (select t1.c1, t2.c2 from t1 left join t2 on t1.c1=t2.c1 order by t1.c1 union all select c+1, d+1 from cte2 where c < 30)
select c from cte2;
## PART 4.3 右支不停的变化
with
cte(c,d) AS (SELECT c1,c2 from t1 where c1 < 3 union all select c+1, d+1 from cte, t2 where t2.c1 = c and t2.c2 > some (select c1 from t44 t99 group by c1))
select * from cte;
with
cte(c,d) AS (SELECT c1,c2 from t1 where c1 < 3 union all select c+1, d+1 from cte, t2 where t2.c1 = c and t2.c2 > some (select c1 from t44 t99 group by c1))
select * from cte;
#递归cte中间表与已有的表重名
create table ex (c1 int, c2 int);
with ex(c1, c2) as (select 1, 1 from dual union all select c1+1, c2+1 from ex where c1 < 5) select * from ex;
with ex(c1, c2) as (select 1, 1 from dual union all select c1+1, c2+1 from ex where c1 < 5) select * from ex;
##############################
## section two cte的使用
##############################
## PART 0 cte结果正确性验证
## 基础case
with cte(n) as (select 1 from dual union all select n+1 from cte where n < 23) select n from cte;
with cte (a,b,c) as ( select id, name, leaderid from emp where emp.id = 1 union all select emp.id ,emp.name, emp.leaderid from emp, cte where emp.leaderid = cte.a ) select * from cte;
## 与MySQL结果进行核对，验证正确性，句式1
with cte( id, val, lev) as (
select id, value , 0 as lev from t4 where parent_id is null
union all
select t4.id, t4.value, cte.lev+1 from cte join t4 on t4.parent_id=cte.id)
select * from cte;
## 与MySQL结果进行核对，验证正确性，句式3
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select c1,c2,c3 from t1 where t1.c1 < 20
union all
select c1,c2,c3 from t1, cte where cte.a = t1.c1 and cte.c < 10
) select * from cte;
## 与MySQL结果进行核对，验证正确性，句式4
with cte (a,b,c) as
(
select id, name, leaderid from emp where emp.id = 1
union all
select emp.id ,emp.name, emp.leaderid from emp, cte where emp.leaderid = cte.a
)
select * from cte;
## join hint
with cte(n) as
(
select /*+NO_USE_HASH(t1,t2)*/ t1.c1 from t1, t2 where t1.c1 = t2.c1
union all
select t1.c1 from cte, t1 where t1.c1 = cte.n
)
select * from cte;
## 结果正确
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select c1,c2,c3 from t1 where t1.c1 < 20
union all
select c1,c2,c3 from t1, cte where cte.a = t1.c1 and cte.c < 10)
select count(distinct cte.a), avg(distinct cte.b) from cte where cte.c < 10;
## PART 1 cte出现在normal型查询语句中
## PART 1.1 最基本用法(单表)
## 最简单的使用方法
with cte as (select * from t1) select (
with cte(col1, col2, col3) as(select * from t2) select count(*) from cte
) from t1;
with cte(col1, col2, col3) as(select * from t2) select count(*) from cte
) |
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select c1,c2,c3 from t1 where t1.c1 < 20
union all
select c1,c2,c3 from t1, cte where cte.a = t1.c1 and cte.c < 10
)
select a, b, c from cte;
## 主句含有order + 对伪列排序序
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select c1,c2,c3 from t1 where t1.c1 < 20
union all
select c1,c2,c3 from t1, cte where cte.a = t1.c1 and cte.c < 10
)
select a, b, c from cte order by a;
## 对主句中的cte取别名后看看能否继续使用+在in中使用+where
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select c1,c2,c3 from t1 where t1.c1 < 20
union all
select c1,c2,c3 from t1, cte where cte.a = t1.c1 and cte.c < 10
)
select z1.a from cte z1, t2 where z1.a in (1,4,7,11) and z1.a = t2.c2;
## 重命名的列出现在order+where中
with cte(a,b,c) as
(
select c1,c2,c3 from t1 where t1.c1 < 20
union all
select c1,c2,c3 from t1, cte where cte.a = t1.c1 and cte.c < 10
)
select a from cte where a in (1,4,11) order by a;
## 别名列和原本列的名字一样
with cte(c1,c2,c3) as
(
select c1,c2,c3 from t1 where t1.c1 < 20
union all
select c1,c2,c3 from t1, cte where cte.c1 = t1.c1 and cte.c3 < 10
)
select c2 from cte;
## 在field list中写了inline，里面使用了cte
with cte(n) as (select 1 from dual union all select n+1 from cte where n < 23) select (select count(*) from cte) from cte;
## join＋having not＋order by
with cte1(a,b,c) as
(
select c1,c2,c3 from t1 where t1.c1 < 20
union all
select c1,c2,c3 from t1, cte1 cte where cte.a = t1.c1 and cte.c < 10
)
select * from cte1 left join t2 on cte1.a=t2.c1 where t2.c1 != cte1.a order by cte1.a;
## PART 1.2 最基本用法(多表)
## 第三cte引用第二个，第二个又引用第一个。结果与MySQL一致。
explain basic
with cte1(a,b,c) as
(
select 1,1,1 from dual
union all
select a+1,b+1,c+1 from cte1 where cte1.a < 10
),
cte2 (a,b,c) as
(
select cte1.a,cte1.b,cte1.c from cte1
union all
select a+1,b+1,c+1 from cte2 where cte2.a < 10
),
cte3 (a,b,c) as
(
select cte2.a,cte2.b,cte2.c from cte2
union all
select cte3.a+1,cte3.b+1,cte3.c+1 from cte3, cte2 where cte2.a < 3 and cte3.a < cte2.b and cte3.a < 10
)
SELECT cte1.a, cte1.b FROM cte1 JOIN cte3
on cte1.a < cte3.c;
set ob_query_timeout = 100000000;
with cte1(a,b,c) as
(
select 1,1,1 from dual
union all
select a+1,b+1,c+1 from cte1 where cte1.a < 10
),
cte2 (a,b,c) as
(
select cte1.a,cte1.b,cte1.c from cte1
union all
select a+1,b+1,c+1 from cte2 where cte2.a < 10
),
cte3 (a,b,c) as
(
select cte2.a,cte2.b,cte2.c from cte2
union all
select cte3.a+1,cte3.b+1,cte3.c+1 from cte3, cte2 where cte2.a < 3 and cte3.a < cte2.b and cte3.a < 10
)
SELECT cte1.a, cte1.b FROM cte1 JOIN cte3
on cte1.a < cte3.c;
set ob_query_timeout = 10000000;
## 关于数学的复杂case
##about math
WITH fibonacci (n, fib_n, next_fib_n) AS
(
SELECT 1, 0, 1 from dual
UNION ALL
SELECT n + 1, next_fib_n, fib_n + next_fib_n
FROM fibonacci WHERE n < 10
)
SELECT * FROM fibonacci;
with cte(n) as (select 1 from dual union all select n+1 from cte where n<6),
prod(lastnum, lastprod) as (select min(n), min(n) from cte
union all
select n, n*lastprod from cte, prod where n = prod.lastnum+1)
select * from prod;
with cte as (select 18 d from dual),
prod (lastnum, lastprod) as (
select 1, 1 from dual
union all
select lastnum+1, (lastnum+1)*lastprod from prod, cte where lastnum < d)
select * from prod, cte where lastnum = d;
##############################
## insert into
##############################
insert into insert_t with cte(a,b,c) as (select 1,2,3 from dual union all select a+1,b+1,c+1 from cte where a < 10) SELECT * FROM cte;
select * from insert_t;
##############################
## select when
##############################
with cte(c1, c2, c3) as (select 1,1,1 from dual union all select c1+1,c2+1,c3+1 from cte where cte.c1 < 50) select c1, max(c2), CASE max(c2) when 4 then 4 when 43 then 43 else 1 end from cte group by c1 order by c1;
##############################
## delete from
##############################
delete from t1 where c1 = ( with cte(c1, c2, c3) as (select 1,1,1 from dual union all select c1+1,c2+1,c3+1 from cte where cte.c1 < 50) select c1 from cte where c2 = 3);
select * from t1;

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test/mysql_test/test_suite/with_clause/t/recursive_optimize_mysql.test Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
drop database if exists ctetest;
create database ctetest;
use ctetest;
create table EMP (
EMPno number,
ENAME varchar(30),
JOB varchar(30),
MGR number(4),
HIREDATE date,
SAL number(7,2),
COMM number(7,2),
DEPTNO number(2)
) ;
create table DEPT(
DEPTNO number(2),
DNAME char(45),
LOC varchar(39)
) ;
insert into EMP values (7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902, str_to_date('17-DEC-80','%d-%b-%Y'),800,NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,str_to_date('20-FEB-81','%d-%b-%Y'),1600,300,30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698, str_to_date('22-FEB-81','%d-%b-%Y'),1250, 500, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839, str_to_date('02-APR-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 2975, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('28-SEP-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 1250, 1400, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7698, 'BLAKE','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('01-MAY-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 2850, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7782, 'CLARK','MANAGER', 7839, str_to_date('09-JUN-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 2450, NULL, 10) ;
insert into EMP values (7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST', 7566, str_to_date('19-APR-87','%d-%b-%Y'), 3000, null, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7839, 'KING','PRESIDENT', NULL, str_to_date('17-NOV-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 5000, NULL, 10) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES (7844, 'TURNER','SALESMAN', 7698, str_to_date('08-SEP-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 1500, 0, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7876, 'ADAMS','CLERK', 7788, str_to_date('23-MAY-87','%d-%b-%Y'), 1100, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7900, 'JAMES', 'CLEARK', 7698, str_to_date('03-DEC-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 950, NULL, 30) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7902, 'FORD','ANALYST',7566, str_to_date('03-DEC-81','%d-%b-%Y'), 3000, NULL, 20) ;
INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(7934,'MILLER','CLERK', 7782, str_to_date('23-JAN-82','%d-%b-%Y'), 1300,NULL, 10) ;
result_format: 4
## =======================================================================
## Test Case 1:
## - recursive WITH Query: Optimization on query with outside filter.
## Predicate pushdown optimization on static value job.
## The plan should reflect optimization or development can provide
## parameter to show that pushdown optimization happened for init branch
## =======================================================================
explain basic
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno, job) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno, job
FROM emp e
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno, e.job
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT ename, empno, mgr, job
FROM rw
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT' ;
WITH rw (ename, mgr, empno, job) AS
(
SELECT ename, mgr, empno, job
FROM emp e
UNION ALL
SELECT e.ename, e.mgr, e.empno, e.job
FROM rw r, emp e
WHERE r.empno = e.mgr
)
SELECT /*+ :HINT: */ ename, empno, mgr, job
FROM rw
WHERE job = 'PRESIDENT' ;