/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * elog.c
 *	  error logging and reporting
 *
 * Some notes about recursion and errors during error processing:
 *
 * We need to be robust about recursive-error scenarios --- for example,
 * if we run out of memory, it's important to be able to report that fact.
 * There are a number of considerations that go into this.
 *
 * First, distinguish between re-entrant use and actual recursion.	It
 * is possible for an error or warning message to be emitted while the
 * parameters for an error message are being computed.	In this case
 * errstart has been called for the outer message, and some field values
 * may have already been saved, but we are not actually recursing.	We handle
 * this by providing a (small) stack of ErrorData records.	The inner message
 * can be computed and sent without disturbing the state of the outer message.
 * (If the inner message is actually an error, this isn't very interesting
 * because control won't come back to the outer message generator ... but
 * if the inner message is only debug or log data, this is critical.)
 *
 * Second, actual recursion will occur if an error is reported by one of
 * the elog.c routines or something they call.	By far the most probable
 * scenario of this sort is "out of memory"; and it's also the nastiest
 * to handle because we'd likely also run out of memory while trying to
 * report this error!  Our escape hatch for this case is to reset the
 * ErrorContext to empty before trying to process the inner error.  Since
 * ErrorContext is guaranteed to have at least 8K of space in it (see mcxt.c),
 * we should be able to process an "out of memory" message successfully.
 * Since we lose the prior error state due to the reset, we won't be able
 * to return to processing the original error, but we wouldn't have anyway.
 * (NOTE: the escape hatch is not used for recursive situations where the
 * inner message is of less than ERROR severity; in that case we just
 * try to process it and return normally.  Usually this will work, but if
 * it ends up in infinite recursion, we will PANIC due to error stack
 * overflow.)
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/utils/error/elog.c,v 1.155.4.7 2007/07/21 22:12:24 tgl Exp $
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG
#include <syslog.h>
#endif

#include "libpq/libpq.h"
#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
#include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "postmaster/postmaster.h"
#include "postmaster/syslogger.h"
#include "storage/ipc.h"
#include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/guc.h"
#include "utils/ps_status.h"


/* Global variables */
ErrorContextCallback *error_context_stack = NULL;

sigjmp_buf *PG_exception_stack = NULL;

extern bool redirection_done;

/* GUC parameters */
PGErrorVerbosity Log_error_verbosity = PGERROR_VERBOSE;
char	   *Log_line_prefix = NULL;		/* format for extra log line info */
int			Log_destination = LOG_DESTINATION_STDERR;

#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG
char	   *Syslog_facility;	/* openlog() parameters */
char	   *Syslog_ident;

static void write_syslog(int level, const char *line);
#endif

#ifdef WIN32
static void write_eventlog(int level, const char *line);
#endif

/* We provide a small stack of ErrorData records for re-entrant cases */
#define ERRORDATA_STACK_SIZE  5

static ErrorData errordata[ERRORDATA_STACK_SIZE];

static int	errordata_stack_depth = -1; /* index of topmost active frame */

static int	recursion_depth = 0;	/* to detect actual recursion */


/* Macro for checking errordata_stack_depth is reasonable */
#define CHECK_STACK_DEPTH() \
	do { \
		if (errordata_stack_depth < 0) \
		{ \
			errordata_stack_depth = -1; \
			ereport(ERROR, (errmsg_internal("errstart was not called"))); \
		} \
	} while (0)


static void log_line_prefix(StringInfo buf);
static void send_message_to_server_log(ErrorData *edata);
static void send_message_to_frontend(ErrorData *edata);
static char *expand_fmt_string(const char *fmt, ErrorData *edata);
static const char *useful_strerror(int errnum);
static const char *error_severity(int elevel);
static void append_with_tabs(StringInfo buf, const char *str);
static void write_pipe_chunks(int fd, char *data, int len);

/*
 * errstart --- begin an error-reporting cycle
 *
 * Create a stack entry and store the given parameters in it.  Subsequently,
 * errmsg() and perhaps other routines will be called to further populate
 * the stack entry.  Finally, errfinish() will be called to actually process
 * the error report.
 *
 * Returns TRUE in normal case.  Returns FALSE to short-circuit the error
 * report (if it's a warning or lower and not to be reported anywhere).
 */
bool
errstart(int elevel, const char *filename, int lineno,
		 const char *funcname)
{
	ErrorData  *edata;
	bool		output_to_server = false;
	bool		output_to_client = false;
	int			i;

	/*
	 * Check some cases in which we want to promote an error into a more
	 * severe error.  None of this logic applies for non-error messages.
	 */
	if (elevel >= ERROR)
	{
		/*
		 * If we are inside a critical section, all errors become PANIC
		 * errors.	See miscadmin.h.
		 */
		if (CritSectionCount > 0)
			elevel = PANIC;

		/*
		 * Check reasons for treating ERROR as FATAL:
		 *
		 * 1. we have no handler to pass the error to (implies we are in the
		 * postmaster or in backend startup).
		 *
		 * 2. ExitOnAnyError mode switch is set (initdb uses this).
		 *
		 * 3. the error occurred after proc_exit has begun to run.	(It's
		 * proc_exit's responsibility to see that this doesn't turn into
		 * infinite recursion!)
		 */
		if (elevel == ERROR)
		{
			if (PG_exception_stack == NULL ||
				ExitOnAnyError ||
				proc_exit_inprogress)
				elevel = FATAL;
		}

		/*
		 * If the error level is ERROR or more, errfinish is not going to
		 * return to caller; therefore, if there is any stacked error already
		 * in progress it will be lost.  This is more or less okay, except we
		 * do not want to have a FATAL or PANIC error downgraded because the
		 * reporting process was interrupted by a lower-grade error.  So check
		 * the stack and make sure we panic if panic is warranted.
		 */
		for (i = 0; i <= errordata_stack_depth; i++)
			elevel = Max(elevel, errordata[i].elevel);
	}

	/*
	 * Now decide whether we need to process this report at all; if it's
	 * warning or less and not enabled for logging, just return FALSE
	 * without starting up any error logging machinery.
	 */

	/* Determine whether message is enabled for server log output */
	if (IsPostmasterEnvironment)
	{
		/* Complicated because LOG is sorted out-of-order for this purpose */
		if (elevel == LOG || elevel == COMMERROR)
		{
			if (log_min_messages == LOG)
				output_to_server = true;
			else if (log_min_messages < FATAL)
				output_to_server = true;
		}
		else
		{
			/* elevel != LOG */
			if (log_min_messages == LOG)
			{
				if (elevel >= FATAL)
					output_to_server = true;
			}
			/* Neither is LOG */
			else if (elevel >= log_min_messages)
				output_to_server = true;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		/* In bootstrap/standalone case, do not sort LOG out-of-order */
		output_to_server = (elevel >= log_min_messages);
	}

	/* Determine whether message is enabled for client output */
	if (whereToSendOutput == Remote && elevel != COMMERROR)
	{
		/*
		 * client_min_messages is honored only after we complete the
		 * authentication handshake.  This is required both for security
		 * reasons and because many clients can't handle NOTICE messages
		 * during authentication.
		 */
		if (ClientAuthInProgress)
			output_to_client = (elevel >= ERROR);
		else
			output_to_client = (elevel >= client_min_messages ||
								elevel == INFO);
	}

	/* Skip processing effort if non-error message will not be output */
	if (elevel < ERROR && !output_to_server && !output_to_client)
		return false;

	/*
	 * Okay, crank up a stack entry to store the info in.
	 */

	if (recursion_depth++ > 0 && elevel >= ERROR)
	{
		/*
		 * Ooops, error during error processing.  Clear ErrorContext as
		 * discussed at top of file.  We will not return to the original
		 * error's reporter or handler, so we don't need it.
		 */
		MemoryContextReset(ErrorContext);

		/*
		 * If we recurse more than once, the problem might be something broken
		 * in a context traceback routine.  Abandon them too.  We also
		 * abandon attempting to print the error statement (which, if long,
		 * could itself be the source of the recursive failure).
		 */
		if (recursion_depth > 2)
		{
			error_context_stack = NULL;
			debug_query_string = NULL;
		}
	}
	if (++errordata_stack_depth >= ERRORDATA_STACK_SIZE)
	{
		/*
		 * Wups, stack not big enough.	We treat this as a PANIC condition
		 * because it suggests an infinite loop of errors during error
		 * recovery.
		 */
		errordata_stack_depth = -1;		/* make room on stack */
		ereport(PANIC, (errmsg_internal("ERRORDATA_STACK_SIZE exceeded")));
	}

	/* Initialize data for this error frame */
	edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
	MemSet(edata, 0, sizeof(ErrorData));
	edata->elevel = elevel;
	edata->output_to_server = output_to_server;
	edata->output_to_client = output_to_client;
	edata->filename = filename;
	edata->lineno = lineno;
	edata->funcname = funcname;
	/* Select default errcode based on elevel */
	if (elevel >= ERROR)
		edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR;
	else if (elevel == WARNING)
		edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_WARNING;
	else
		edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_SUCCESSFUL_COMPLETION;
	/* errno is saved here so that error parameter eval can't change it */
	edata->saved_errno = errno;

	recursion_depth--;
	return true;
}

/*
 * errfinish --- end an error-reporting cycle
 *
 * Produce the appropriate error report(s) and pop the error stack.
 *
 * If elevel is ERROR or worse, control does not return to the caller.
 * See elog.h for the error level definitions.
 */
void
errfinish(int dummy,...)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
	int			elevel = edata->elevel;
	MemoryContext oldcontext;
	ErrorContextCallback *econtext;

	recursion_depth++;
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();

	/*
	 * Do processing in ErrorContext, which we hope has enough reserved
	 * space to report an error.
	 */
	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ErrorContext);

	/*
	 * Call any context callback functions.  Errors occurring in callback
	 * functions will be treated as recursive errors --- this ensures we
	 * will avoid infinite recursion (see errstart).
	 */
	for (econtext = error_context_stack;
		 econtext != NULL;
		 econtext = econtext->previous)
		(*econtext->callback) (econtext->arg);

	/*
	 * If ERROR (not more nor less) we pass it off to the current handler.
	 * Printing it and popping the stack is the responsibility of
	 * the handler.
	 */
	if (elevel == ERROR)
	{
		/*
		 * We do some minimal cleanup before longjmp'ing so that handlers
		 * can execute in a reasonably sane state.
		 */

		/* This is just in case the error came while waiting for input */
		ImmediateInterruptOK = false;

		/*
		 * Reset InterruptHoldoffCount in case we ereport'd from
		 * inside an interrupt holdoff section.  (We assume here that
		 * no handler will itself be inside a holdoff section.	If
		 * necessary, such a handler could save and restore
		 * InterruptHoldoffCount for itself, but this should make life
		 * easier for most.)
		 */
		InterruptHoldoffCount = 0;

		CritSectionCount = 0;		/* should be unnecessary, but... */

		/*
		 * Note that we leave CurrentMemoryContext set to ErrorContext.
		 * The handler should reset it to something else soon.
		 */

		recursion_depth--;
		PG_RE_THROW();
	}

	/*
	 * If we are doing FATAL or PANIC, abort any old-style COPY OUT in
	 * progress, so that we can report the message before dying.  (Without
	 * this, pq_putmessage will refuse to send the message at all, which
	 * is what we want for NOTICE messages, but not for fatal exits.) This
	 * hack is necessary because of poor design of old-style copy
	 * protocol.  Note we must do this even if client is fool enough to
	 * have set client_min_messages above FATAL, so don't look at
	 * output_to_client.
	 */
	if (elevel >= FATAL && whereToSendOutput == Remote)
		pq_endcopyout(true);

	/* Emit the message to the right places */
	EmitErrorReport();

	/* Now free up subsidiary data attached to stack entry, and release it */
	if (edata->message)
		pfree(edata->message);
	if (edata->detail)
		pfree(edata->detail);
	if (edata->hint)
		pfree(edata->hint);
	if (edata->context)
		pfree(edata->context);
	if (edata->internalquery)
		pfree(edata->internalquery);

	errordata_stack_depth--;

	/* Exit error-handling context */
	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
	recursion_depth--;

	/*
	 * Perform error recovery action as specified by elevel.
	 */
	if (elevel == FATAL)
	{
		/*
		 * For a FATAL error, we let proc_exit clean up and exit.
		 */
		ImmediateInterruptOK = false;

		/*
		 * If we just reported a startup failure, the client will
		 * disconnect on receiving it, so don't send any more to the
		 * client.
		 */
		if (PG_exception_stack == NULL && whereToSendOutput == Remote)
			whereToSendOutput = None;

		/*
		 * fflush here is just to improve the odds that we get to see the
		 * error message, in case things are so hosed that proc_exit
		 * crashes.  Any other code you might be tempted to add here
		 * should probably be in an on_proc_exit callback instead.
		 */
		fflush(stdout);
		fflush(stderr);

		/*
		 * If proc_exit is already running, we exit with nonzero exit code
		 * to indicate that something's pretty wrong.  We also want to
		 * exit with nonzero exit code if not running under the postmaster
		 * (for example, if we are being run from the initdb script, we'd
		 * better return an error status).
		 */
		proc_exit(proc_exit_inprogress || !IsUnderPostmaster);
	}

	if (elevel >= PANIC)
	{
		/*
		 * Serious crash time. Postmaster will observe nonzero process
		 * exit status and kill the other backends too.
		 *
		 * XXX: what if we are *in* the postmaster?  abort() won't kill our
		 * children...
		 */
		ImmediateInterruptOK = false;
		fflush(stdout);
		fflush(stderr);
		abort();
	}

	/* We reach here if elevel <= WARNING. OK to return to caller. */
}


/*
 * errcode --- add SQLSTATE error code to the current error
 *
 * The code is expected to be represented as per MAKE_SQLSTATE().
 */
int
errcode(int sqlerrcode)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];

	/* we don't bother incrementing recursion_depth */
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();

	edata->sqlerrcode = sqlerrcode;

	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
}


/*
 * errcode_for_file_access --- add SQLSTATE error code to the current error
 *
 * The SQLSTATE code is chosen based on the saved errno value.	We assume
 * that the failing operation was some type of disk file access.
 *
 * NOTE: the primary error message string should generally include %m
 * when this is used.
 */
int
errcode_for_file_access(void)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];

	/* we don't bother incrementing recursion_depth */
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();

	switch (edata->saved_errno)
	{
			/* Permission-denied failures */
		case EPERM:				/* Not super-user */
		case EACCES:			/* Permission denied */
#ifdef EROFS
		case EROFS:				/* Read only file system */
#endif
			edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE;
			break;

			/* File not found */
		case ENOENT:			/* No such file or directory */
			edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_FILE;
			break;

			/* Duplicate file */
		case EEXIST:			/* File exists */
			edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_DUPLICATE_FILE;
			break;

			/* Wrong object type or state */
		case ENOTDIR:			/* Not a directory */
		case EISDIR:			/* Is a directory */
#if defined(ENOTEMPTY) && (ENOTEMPTY != EEXIST) /* same code on AIX */
		case ENOTEMPTY: /* Directory not empty */
#endif
			edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE;
			break;

			/* Insufficient resources */
		case ENOSPC:			/* No space left on device */
			edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_DISK_FULL;
			break;

		case ENFILE:			/* File table overflow */
		case EMFILE:			/* Too many open files */
			edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
			break;

			/* Hardware failure */
		case EIO:				/* I/O error */
			edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_IO_ERROR;
			break;

			/* All else is classified as internal errors */
		default:
			edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR;
			break;
	}

	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
}

/*
 * errcode_for_socket_access --- add SQLSTATE error code to the current error
 *
 * The SQLSTATE code is chosen based on the saved errno value.	We assume
 * that the failing operation was some type of socket access.
 *
 * NOTE: the primary error message string should generally include %m
 * when this is used.
 */
int
errcode_for_socket_access(void)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];

	/* we don't bother incrementing recursion_depth */
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();

	switch (edata->saved_errno)
	{
			/* Loss of connection */
		case EPIPE:
#ifdef ECONNRESET
		case ECONNRESET:
#endif
			edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_CONNECTION_FAILURE;
			break;

			/* All else is classified as internal errors */
		default:
			edata->sqlerrcode = ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR;
			break;
	}

	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
}


/*
 * This macro handles expansion of a format string and associated parameters;
 * it's common code for errmsg(), errdetail(), etc.  Must be called inside
 * a routine that is declared like "const char *fmt, ..." and has an edata
 * pointer set up.	The message is assigned to edata->targetfield, or
 * appended to it if appendval is true.
 *
 * Note: we pstrdup the buffer rather than just transferring its storage
 * to the edata field because the buffer might be considerably larger than
 * really necessary.
 */
#define EVALUATE_MESSAGE(targetfield, appendval)  \
	{ \
		char		   *fmtbuf; \
		StringInfoData	buf; \
		/* Internationalize the error format string */ \
		fmt = gettext(fmt); \
		/* Expand %m in format string */ \
		fmtbuf = expand_fmt_string(fmt, edata); \
		initStringInfo(&buf); \
		if ((appendval) && edata->targetfield) \
			appendStringInfo(&buf, "%s\n", edata->targetfield); \
		/* Generate actual output --- have to use appendStringInfoVA */ \
		for (;;) \
		{ \
			va_list		args; \
			bool		success; \
			va_start(args, fmt); \
			success = appendStringInfoVA(&buf, fmtbuf, args); \
			va_end(args); \
			if (success) \
				break; \
			enlargeStringInfo(&buf, buf.maxlen); \
		} \
		/* Done with expanded fmt */ \
		pfree(fmtbuf); \
		/* Save the completed message into the stack item */ \
		if (edata->targetfield) \
			pfree(edata->targetfield); \
		edata->targetfield = pstrdup(buf.data); \
		pfree(buf.data); \
	}


/*
 * errmsg --- add a primary error message text to the current error
 *
 * In addition to the usual %-escapes recognized by printf, "%m" in
 * fmt is replaced by the error message for the caller's value of errno.
 *
 * Note: no newline is needed at the end of the fmt string, since
 * ereport will provide one for the output methods that need it.
 */
int
errmsg(const char *fmt,...)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
	MemoryContext oldcontext;

	recursion_depth++;
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();
	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ErrorContext);

	EVALUATE_MESSAGE(message, false);

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
	recursion_depth--;
	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
}


/*
 * errmsg_internal --- add a primary error message text to the current error
 *
 * This is exactly like errmsg() except that strings passed to errmsg_internal
 * are customarily left out of the internationalization message dictionary.
 * This should be used for "can't happen" cases that are probably not worth
 * spending translation effort on.
 */
int
errmsg_internal(const char *fmt,...)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
	MemoryContext oldcontext;

	recursion_depth++;
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();
	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ErrorContext);

	EVALUATE_MESSAGE(message, false);

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
	recursion_depth--;
	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
}


/*
 * errdetail --- add a detail error message text to the current error
 */
int
errdetail(const char *fmt,...)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
	MemoryContext oldcontext;

	recursion_depth++;
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();
	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ErrorContext);

	EVALUATE_MESSAGE(detail, false);

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
	recursion_depth--;
	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
}


/*
 * errhint --- add a hint error message text to the current error
 */
int
errhint(const char *fmt,...)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
	MemoryContext oldcontext;

	recursion_depth++;
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();
	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ErrorContext);

	EVALUATE_MESSAGE(hint, false);

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
	recursion_depth--;
	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
}


/*
 * errcontext --- add a context error message text to the current error
 *
 * Unlike other cases, multiple calls are allowed to build up a stack of
 * context information.  We assume earlier calls represent more-closely-nested
 * states.
 */
int
errcontext(const char *fmt,...)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
	MemoryContext oldcontext;

	recursion_depth++;
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();
	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ErrorContext);

	EVALUATE_MESSAGE(context, true);

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
	recursion_depth--;
	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
}


/*
 * errfunction --- add reporting function name to the current error
 *
 * This is used when backwards compatibility demands that the function
 * name appear in messages sent to old-protocol clients.  Note that the
 * passed string is expected to be a non-freeable constant string.
 */
int
errfunction(const char *funcname)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];

	/* we don't bother incrementing recursion_depth */
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();

	edata->funcname = funcname;
	edata->show_funcname = true;

	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
}

/*
 * errposition --- add cursor position to the current error
 */
int
errposition(int cursorpos)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];

	/* we don't bother incrementing recursion_depth */
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();

	edata->cursorpos = cursorpos;

	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
}

/*
 * internalerrposition --- add internal cursor position to the current error
 */
int
internalerrposition(int cursorpos)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];

	/* we don't bother incrementing recursion_depth */
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();

	edata->internalpos = cursorpos;

	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
}

/*
 * internalerrquery --- add internal query text to the current error
 *
 * Can also pass NULL to drop the internal query text entry.  This case
 * is intended for use in error callback subroutines that are editorializing
 * on the layout of the error report.
 */
int
internalerrquery(const char *query)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];

	/* we don't bother incrementing recursion_depth */
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();

	if (edata->internalquery)
	{
		pfree(edata->internalquery);
		edata->internalquery = NULL;
	}

	if (query)
		edata->internalquery = MemoryContextStrdup(ErrorContext, query);

	return 0;					/* return value does not matter */
}

/*
 * geterrposition --- return the currently set error position (0 if none)
 *
 * This is only intended for use in error callback subroutines, since there
 * is no other place outside elog.c where the concept is meaningful.
 */
int
geterrposition(void)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];

	/* we don't bother incrementing recursion_depth */
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();

	return edata->cursorpos;
}

/*
 * getinternalerrposition --- same for internal error position
 *
 * This is only intended for use in error callback subroutines, since there
 * is no other place outside elog.c where the concept is meaningful.
 */
int
getinternalerrposition(void)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];

	/* we don't bother incrementing recursion_depth */
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();

	return edata->internalpos;
}


/*
 * elog_start --- startup for old-style API
 *
 * All that we do here is stash the hidden filename/lineno/funcname
 * arguments into a stack entry.
 *
 * We need this to be separate from elog_finish because there's no other
 * portable way to deal with inserting extra arguments into the elog call.
 * (If macros with variable numbers of arguments were portable, it'd be
 * easy, but they aren't.)
 */
void
elog_start(const char *filename, int lineno, const char *funcname)
{
	ErrorData  *edata;

	if (++errordata_stack_depth >= ERRORDATA_STACK_SIZE)
	{
		/*
		 * Wups, stack not big enough.	We treat this as a PANIC condition
		 * because it suggests an infinite loop of errors during error
		 * recovery.
		 */
		errordata_stack_depth = -1;		/* make room on stack */
		ereport(PANIC, (errmsg_internal("ERRORDATA_STACK_SIZE exceeded")));
	}

	edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
	edata->filename = filename;
	edata->lineno = lineno;
	edata->funcname = funcname;
	/* errno is saved now so that error parameter eval can't change it */
	edata->saved_errno = errno;
}

/*
 * elog_finish --- finish up for old-style API
 */
void
elog_finish(int elevel, const char *fmt,...)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
	MemoryContext oldcontext;

	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();

	/*
	 * Do errstart() to see if we actually want to report the message.
	 */
	errordata_stack_depth--;
	errno = edata->saved_errno;
	if (!errstart(elevel, edata->filename, edata->lineno, edata->funcname))
		return;					/* nothing to do */

	/*
	 * Format error message just like errmsg().
	 */
	recursion_depth++;
	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ErrorContext);

	EVALUATE_MESSAGE(message, false);

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
	recursion_depth--;

	/*
	 * And let errfinish() finish up.
	 */
	errfinish(0);
}

/*
 * Actual output of the top-of-stack error message
 *
 * In the ereport(ERROR) case this is called from PostgresMain (or not at all,
 * if the error is caught by somebody).  For all other severity levels this
 * is called by errfinish.
 */
void
EmitErrorReport(void)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
	MemoryContext oldcontext;

	recursion_depth++;
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();
	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ErrorContext);

	/* Send to server log, if enabled */
	if (edata->output_to_server)
		send_message_to_server_log(edata);

	/* Send to client, if enabled */
	if (edata->output_to_client)
		send_message_to_frontend(edata);

	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
	recursion_depth--;
}

/*
 * CopyErrorData --- obtain a copy of the topmost error stack entry
 *
 * This is only for use in error handler code.	The data is copied into the
 * current memory context, so callers should always switch away from
 * ErrorContext first; otherwise it will be lost when FlushErrorState is done.
 */
ErrorData *
CopyErrorData(void)
{
	ErrorData  *edata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
	ErrorData  *newedata;

	/*
	 * we don't increment recursion_depth because out-of-memory here does
	 * not indicate a problem within the error subsystem.
	 */
	CHECK_STACK_DEPTH();

	Assert(CurrentMemoryContext != ErrorContext);

	/* Copy the struct itself */
	newedata = (ErrorData *) palloc(sizeof(ErrorData));
	memcpy(newedata, edata, sizeof(ErrorData));

	/* Make copies of separately-allocated fields */
	if (newedata->message)
		newedata->message = pstrdup(newedata->message);
	if (newedata->detail)
		newedata->detail = pstrdup(newedata->detail);
	if (newedata->hint)
		newedata->hint = pstrdup(newedata->hint);
	if (newedata->context)
		newedata->context = pstrdup(newedata->context);
	if (newedata->internalquery)
		newedata->internalquery = pstrdup(newedata->internalquery);

	return newedata;
}

/*
 * FreeErrorData --- free the structure returned by CopyErrorData.
 *
 * Error handlers should use this in preference to assuming they know all
 * the separately-allocated fields.
 */
void
FreeErrorData(ErrorData *edata)
{
	if (edata->message)
		pfree(edata->message);
	if (edata->detail)
		pfree(edata->detail);
	if (edata->hint)
		pfree(edata->hint);
	if (edata->context)
		pfree(edata->context);
	if (edata->internalquery)
		pfree(edata->internalquery);
	pfree(edata);
}

/*
 * FlushErrorState --- flush the error state after error recovery
 *
 * This should be called by an error handler after it's done processing
 * the error; or as soon as it's done CopyErrorData, if it intends to
 * do stuff that is likely to provoke another error.  You are not "out" of
 * the error subsystem until you have done this.
 */
void
FlushErrorState(void)
{
	/*
	 * Reset stack to empty.  The only case where it would be more than
	 * one deep is if we serviced an error that interrupted construction
	 * of another message.	We assume control escaped out of that message
	 * construction and won't ever go back.
	 */
	errordata_stack_depth = -1;
	recursion_depth = 0;
	/* Delete all data in ErrorContext */
	MemoryContextResetAndDeleteChildren(ErrorContext);
}

/*
 * ReThrowError --- re-throw a previously copied error
 *
 * A handler can do CopyErrorData/FlushErrorState to get out of the error
 * subsystem, then do some processing, and finally ReThrowError to re-throw
 * the original error.	This is slower than just PG_RE_THROW() but should
 * be used if the "some processing" is likely to incur another error.
 */
void
ReThrowError(ErrorData *edata)
{
	ErrorData  *newedata;

	Assert(edata->elevel == ERROR);

	/* Push the data back into the error context */
	recursion_depth++;
	MemoryContextSwitchTo(ErrorContext);

	if (++errordata_stack_depth >= ERRORDATA_STACK_SIZE)
	{
		/*
		 * Wups, stack not big enough.	We treat this as a PANIC condition
		 * because it suggests an infinite loop of errors during error
		 * recovery.
		 */
		errordata_stack_depth = -1;		/* make room on stack */
		ereport(PANIC, (errmsg_internal("ERRORDATA_STACK_SIZE exceeded")));
	}

	newedata = &errordata[errordata_stack_depth];
	memcpy(newedata, edata, sizeof(ErrorData));

	/* Make copies of separately-allocated fields */
	if (newedata->message)
		newedata->message = pstrdup(newedata->message);
	if (newedata->detail)
		newedata->detail = pstrdup(newedata->detail);
	if (newedata->hint)
		newedata->hint = pstrdup(newedata->hint);
	if (newedata->context)
		newedata->context = pstrdup(newedata->context);
	if (newedata->internalquery)
		newedata->internalquery = pstrdup(newedata->internalquery);

	recursion_depth--;
	PG_RE_THROW();
}

/*
 * Initialization of error output file
 */
void
DebugFileOpen(void)
{
	int			fd,
				istty;

	if (OutputFileName[0])
	{
		/*
		 * A debug-output file name was given.
		 *
		 * Make sure we can write the file, and find out if it's a tty.
		 */
		if ((fd = open(OutputFileName, O_CREAT | O_APPEND | O_WRONLY,
					   0666)) < 0)
			ereport(FATAL,
					(errcode_for_file_access(),
			  errmsg("could not open file \"%s\": %m", OutputFileName)));
		istty = isatty(fd);
		close(fd);

		/*
		 * Redirect our stderr to the debug output file.
		 */
		if (!freopen(OutputFileName, "a", stderr))
			ereport(FATAL,
					(errcode_for_file_access(),
					 errmsg("could not reopen file \"%s\" as stderr: %m",
							OutputFileName)));

		/*
		 * If the file is a tty and we're running under the postmaster,
		 * try to send stdout there as well (if it isn't a tty then stderr
		 * will block out stdout, so we may as well let stdout go wherever
		 * it was going before).
		 */
		if (istty && IsUnderPostmaster)
			if (!freopen(OutputFileName, "a", stdout))
				ereport(FATAL,
						(errcode_for_file_access(),
					 errmsg("could not reopen file \"%s\" as stdout: %m",
							OutputFileName)));
	}
}



#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG

#ifndef PG_SYSLOG_LIMIT
#define PG_SYSLOG_LIMIT 128
#endif

/*
 * Write a message line to syslog
 */
static void
write_syslog(int level, const char *line)
{
	static bool openlog_done = false;
	static unsigned long seq = 0;

	int			len;

	if (!openlog_done)
	{
		int		syslog_fac;
		char   *syslog_ident;

		if (pg_strcasecmp(Syslog_facility, "LOCAL0") == 0)
			syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL0;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(Syslog_facility, "LOCAL1") == 0)
			syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL1;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(Syslog_facility, "LOCAL2") == 0)
			syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL2;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(Syslog_facility, "LOCAL3") == 0)
			syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL3;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(Syslog_facility, "LOCAL4") == 0)
			syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL4;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(Syslog_facility, "LOCAL5") == 0)
			syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL5;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(Syslog_facility, "LOCAL6") == 0)
			syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL6;
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(Syslog_facility, "LOCAL7") == 0)
			syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL7;
		else
			syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL0;
		/*
		 * openlog() usually just stores the passed char pointer as-is,
		 * so we must give it a string that will be unchanged for the life of
		 * the process.  The Syslog_ident GUC variable does not meet this
		 * requirement, so strdup() it.  This isn't a memory leak because
		 * this code is executed at most once per process.
		 */
		syslog_ident = strdup(Syslog_ident);
		if (syslog_ident == NULL)			/* out of memory already!? */
			syslog_ident = "postgres";

		openlog(syslog_ident, LOG_PID | LOG_NDELAY | LOG_NOWAIT, syslog_fac);
		openlog_done = true;
	}

	/*
	 * We add a sequence number to each log message to suppress "same"
	 * messages.
	 */
	seq++;

	/*
	 * Our problem here is that many syslog implementations don't handle
	 * long messages in an acceptable manner. While this function doesn't
	 * help that fact, it does work around by splitting up messages into
	 * smaller pieces.
	 *
	 * We divide into multiple syslog() calls if message is too long
	 * or if the message contains embedded NewLine(s) '\n'.
	 */
	len = strlen(line);
	if (len > PG_SYSLOG_LIMIT || strchr(line, '\n') != NULL)
	{
		int			chunk_nr = 0;

		while (len > 0)
		{
			char		buf[PG_SYSLOG_LIMIT + 1];
			int			buflen;
			int			i;

			/* if we start at a newline, move ahead one char */
			if (line[0] == '\n')
			{
				line++;
				len--;
				continue;
			}

			strncpy(buf, line, PG_SYSLOG_LIMIT);
			buf[PG_SYSLOG_LIMIT] = '\0';
			if (strchr(buf, '\n') != NULL)
				*strchr(buf, '\n') = '\0';

			buflen = strlen(buf);

			/* trim to multibyte letter boundary */
			buflen = pg_mbcliplen(buf, buflen, buflen);
			if (buflen <= 0)
				return;
			buf[buflen] = '\0';

			/* already word boundary? */
			if (line[buflen] != '\0' &&
				!isspace((unsigned char) line[buflen]))
			{
				/* try to divide at word boundary */
				i = buflen - 1;
				while (i > 0 && !isspace((unsigned char) buf[i]))
					i--;

				if (i > 0)		/* else couldn't divide word boundary */
				{
					buflen = i;
					buf[i] = '\0';
				}
			}

			chunk_nr++;

			syslog(level, "[%lu-%d] %s", seq, chunk_nr, buf);
			line += buflen;
			len -= buflen;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		/* message short enough */
		syslog(level, "[%lu] %s", seq, line);
	}
}
#endif   /* HAVE_SYSLOG */

#ifdef WIN32
/*
 * Write a message line to the windows event log
 */
static void
write_eventlog(int level, const char *line)
{
	int eventlevel = EVENTLOG_ERROR_TYPE;
	static HANDLE evtHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;

	if (evtHandle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		evtHandle = RegisterEventSource(NULL, "PostgreSQL");
		if (evtHandle == NULL)
		{
			evtHandle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
			return;
		}
	}

	switch (level)
	{
		case DEBUG5:
		case DEBUG4:
		case DEBUG3:
		case DEBUG2:
		case DEBUG1:
		case LOG:
		case COMMERROR:
		case INFO:
		case NOTICE:
			eventlevel = EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE;
			break;
		case WARNING:
			eventlevel = EVENTLOG_WARNING_TYPE;
			break;
		case ERROR:
		case FATAL:
		case PANIC:
		default:
			eventlevel = EVENTLOG_ERROR_TYPE;
			break;
	}


	ReportEvent(evtHandle,
				eventlevel,
				0,
				0,				/* All events are Id 0 */
				NULL,
				1,
				0,
				&line,
				NULL);
}
#endif   /* WIN32 */

/*
 * Format tag info for log lines; append to the provided buffer.
 */
static void
log_line_prefix(StringInfo buf)
{
	/* static counter for line numbers */
	static long log_line_number = 0;

	/* has counter been reset in current process? */
	static int	log_my_pid = 0;

	int			format_len;
	int			i;

	/*
	 * This is one of the few places where we'd rather not inherit a
	 * static variable's value from the postmaster.  But since we will,
	 * reset it when MyProcPid changes.
	 */
	if (log_my_pid != MyProcPid)
	{
		log_line_number = 0;
		log_my_pid = MyProcPid;
	}
	log_line_number++;

	if (Log_line_prefix == NULL)
		return;					/* in case guc hasn't run yet */

	format_len = strlen(Log_line_prefix);

	for (i = 0; i < format_len; i++)
	{
		if (Log_line_prefix[i] != '%')
		{
			/* literal char, just copy */
			appendStringInfoChar(buf, Log_line_prefix[i]);
			continue;
		}
		/* go to char after '%' */
		i++;
		if (i >= format_len)
		{
			/* format error - ignore it */
			break;
		}

		/* process the option */
		switch (Log_line_prefix[i])
		{
			case 'u':
				if (MyProcPort)
				{
					const char *username = MyProcPort->user_name;

					if (username == NULL || *username == '\0')
						username = gettext("[unknown]");
					appendStringInfo(buf, "%s", username);
				}
				break;
			case 'd':
				if (MyProcPort)
				{
					const char *dbname = MyProcPort->database_name;

					if (dbname == NULL || *dbname == '\0')
						dbname = gettext("[unknown]");
					appendStringInfo(buf, "%s", dbname);
				}
				break;
			case 'c':
				if (MyProcPort)
				{
					appendStringInfo(buf, "%lx.%x",
							   (long) (MyProcPort->session_start.tv_sec),
							   MyProcPid);
				}
				break;
			case 'p':
				appendStringInfo(buf, "%d", MyProcPid);
				break;
			case 'l':
				appendStringInfo(buf, "%ld", log_line_number);
				break;
			case 't':
				{
					/*
					 * Note: for %t and %s we deliberately use the C
					 * library's strftime/localtime, and not the
					 * equivalent functions from src/timezone.	This
					 * ensures that all backends will report log entries
					 * in the same timezone, namely whatever C-library
					 * setting they inherit from the postmaster.  If we
					 * used src/timezone then local settings of the
					 * TimeZone GUC variable would confuse the log.
					 */
					time_t		stamp_time = time(NULL);
					char		strfbuf[128];

					strftime(strfbuf, sizeof(strfbuf),
					/* Win32 timezone names are too long so don't print them. */
#ifndef WIN32
							 "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z",
#else
							 "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
#endif
							 localtime(&stamp_time));
					appendStringInfoString(buf, strfbuf);
				}
				break;
			case 's':
				if (MyProcPort)
				{
					time_t		stamp_time = MyProcPort->session_start.tv_sec;
					char		strfbuf[128];

					strftime(strfbuf, sizeof(strfbuf),
							 "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z",
							 localtime(&stamp_time));
					appendStringInfoString(buf, strfbuf);
				}
				break;
			case 'i':
				if (MyProcPort)
				{
					const char *psdisp;
					int		displen;

					psdisp = get_ps_display(&displen);
					appendStringInfo(buf, "%.*s", displen, psdisp);
				}
				break;
			case 'r':
				if (MyProcPort && MyProcPort->remote_host)
				{
					appendStringInfo(buf, "%s", MyProcPort->remote_host);
					if (MyProcPort->remote_port &&
						MyProcPort->remote_port[0] != '\0')
						appendStringInfo(buf, "(%s)",
										 MyProcPort->remote_port);
				}
				break;
			case 'q':
				/* in postmaster and friends, stop if %q is seen */
				/* in a backend, just ignore */
				if (MyProcPort == NULL)
					i = format_len;
				break;
			case 'x':
				if (MyProcPort)
				{
					if (IsTransactionState())
						appendStringInfo(buf, "%u", GetTopTransactionId());
					else
						appendStringInfo(buf, "%u", InvalidTransactionId);
				}
				break;
			case '%':
				appendStringInfoChar(buf, '%');
				break;
			default:
				/* format error - ignore it */
				break;
		}
	}
}


/*
 * Write error report to server's log
 */
static void
send_message_to_server_log(ErrorData *edata)
{
	StringInfoData buf;

	initStringInfo(&buf);

	log_line_prefix(&buf);
	appendStringInfo(&buf, "%s:  ", error_severity(edata->elevel));

	if (Log_error_verbosity >= PGERROR_VERBOSE)
	{
		/* unpack MAKE_SQLSTATE code */
		char		tbuf[12];
		int			ssval;
		int			i;

		ssval = edata->sqlerrcode;
		for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
		{
			tbuf[i] = PGUNSIXBIT(ssval);
			ssval >>= 6;
		}
		tbuf[i] = '\0';
		appendStringInfo(&buf, "%s: ", tbuf);
	}

	if (edata->message)
		append_with_tabs(&buf, edata->message);
	else
		append_with_tabs(&buf, gettext("missing error text"));

	if (edata->cursorpos > 0)
		appendStringInfo(&buf, gettext(" at character %d"),
						 edata->cursorpos);
	else if (edata->internalpos > 0)
		appendStringInfo(&buf, gettext(" at character %d"),
						 edata->internalpos);

	appendStringInfoChar(&buf, '\n');

	if (Log_error_verbosity >= PGERROR_DEFAULT)
	{
		if (edata->detail)
		{
			log_line_prefix(&buf);
			appendStringInfoString(&buf, gettext("DETAIL:  "));
			append_with_tabs(&buf, edata->detail);
			appendStringInfoChar(&buf, '\n');
		}
		if (edata->hint)
		{
			log_line_prefix(&buf);
			appendStringInfoString(&buf, gettext("HINT:  "));
			append_with_tabs(&buf, edata->hint);
			appendStringInfoChar(&buf, '\n');
		}
		if (edata->internalquery)
		{
			log_line_prefix(&buf);
			appendStringInfoString(&buf, gettext("QUERY:  "));
			append_with_tabs(&buf, edata->internalquery);
			appendStringInfoChar(&buf, '\n');
		}
		if (edata->context)
		{
			log_line_prefix(&buf);
			appendStringInfoString(&buf, gettext("CONTEXT:  "));
			append_with_tabs(&buf, edata->context);
			appendStringInfoChar(&buf, '\n');
		}
		if (Log_error_verbosity >= PGERROR_VERBOSE)
		{
			/* assume no newlines in funcname or filename... */
			if (edata->funcname && edata->filename)
			{
				log_line_prefix(&buf);
				appendStringInfo(&buf, gettext("LOCATION:  %s, %s:%d\n"),
								 edata->funcname, edata->filename,
								 edata->lineno);
			}
			else if (edata->filename)
			{
				log_line_prefix(&buf);
				appendStringInfo(&buf, gettext("LOCATION:  %s:%d\n"),
								 edata->filename, edata->lineno);
			}
		}
	}

	/*
	 * If the user wants the query that generated this error logged, do
	 * it.
	 */
	if (edata->elevel >= log_min_error_statement && debug_query_string != NULL)
	{
		log_line_prefix(&buf);
		appendStringInfoString(&buf, gettext("STATEMENT:  "));
		append_with_tabs(&buf, debug_query_string);
		appendStringInfoChar(&buf, '\n');
	}

#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG
	/* Write to syslog, if enabled */
	if (Log_destination & LOG_DESTINATION_SYSLOG)
	{
		int			syslog_level;

		switch (edata->elevel)
		{
			case DEBUG5:
			case DEBUG4:
			case DEBUG3:
			case DEBUG2:
			case DEBUG1:
				syslog_level = LOG_DEBUG;
				break;
			case LOG:
			case COMMERROR:
			case INFO:
				syslog_level = LOG_INFO;
				break;
			case NOTICE:
			case WARNING:
				syslog_level = LOG_NOTICE;
				break;
			case ERROR:
				syslog_level = LOG_WARNING;
				break;
			case FATAL:
				syslog_level = LOG_ERR;
				break;
			case PANIC:
			default:
				syslog_level = LOG_CRIT;
				break;
		}

		write_syslog(syslog_level, buf.data);
	}
#endif   /* HAVE_SYSLOG */

#ifdef WIN32
	/* Write to eventlog, if enabled */
	if (Log_destination & LOG_DESTINATION_EVENTLOG)
	{
		write_eventlog(edata->elevel, buf.data);
	}
#endif   /* WIN32 */

	/* Write to stderr, if enabled */
	if ((Log_destination & LOG_DESTINATION_STDERR) || whereToSendOutput == Debug)
	{
#ifdef WIN32
		/*
		 * In a win32 service environment, there is no usable stderr. Capture
		 * anything going there and write it to the eventlog instead.
		 *
		 * If stderr redirection is active, it's ok to write to stderr
		 * because that's really a pipe to the syslogger process.
		 */
		if (pgwin32_is_service() && (!redirection_done || am_syslogger) )
			write_eventlog(edata->elevel, buf.data);
		else
#endif
			if (redirection_done && !am_syslogger)
				write_pipe_chunks(fileno(stderr), buf.data, buf.len);
			else
				write(fileno(stderr), buf.data, buf.len);
	}

	/* If in the syslogger process, try to write messages direct to file */
	if (am_syslogger)
		write_syslogger_file(buf.data, buf.len);

	pfree(buf.data);
}

/*
 * Send data to the syslogger using the chunked protocol
 */
static void
write_pipe_chunks(int fd, char *data, int len)
{
	PipeProtoChunk p;

	Assert(len > 0);

	p.proto.nuls[0] = p.proto.nuls[1] = '\0';
	p.proto.pid = MyProcPid;

	/* write all but the last chunk */
	while (len > PIPE_MAX_PAYLOAD)
	{
		p.proto.is_last = 'f';
		p.proto.len = PIPE_MAX_PAYLOAD;
		memcpy(p.proto.data, data, PIPE_MAX_PAYLOAD);
		write(fd, &p, PIPE_HEADER_SIZE + PIPE_MAX_PAYLOAD);
		data += PIPE_MAX_PAYLOAD;
		len -= PIPE_MAX_PAYLOAD;
	}

	/* write the last chunk */
	p.proto.is_last = 't';
	p.proto.len = len;
	memcpy(p.proto.data, data, len);
	write(fd, &p, PIPE_HEADER_SIZE + len);
}


/*
 * Write error report to client
 */
static void
send_message_to_frontend(ErrorData *edata)
{
	StringInfoData msgbuf;

	/* 'N' (Notice) is for nonfatal conditions, 'E' is for errors */
	pq_beginmessage(&msgbuf, (edata->elevel < ERROR) ? 'N' : 'E');

	if (PG_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(FrontendProtocol) >= 3)
	{
		/* New style with separate fields */
		char		tbuf[12];
		int			ssval;
		int			i;

		pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_SEVERITY);
		pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, error_severity(edata->elevel));

		/* unpack MAKE_SQLSTATE code */
		ssval = edata->sqlerrcode;
		for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
		{
			tbuf[i] = PGUNSIXBIT(ssval);
			ssval >>= 6;
		}
		tbuf[i] = '\0';

		pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_SQLSTATE);
		pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, tbuf);

		/* M field is required per protocol, so always send something */
		pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_MESSAGE_PRIMARY);
		if (edata->message)
			pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, edata->message);
		else
			pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, gettext("missing error text"));

		if (edata->detail)
		{
			pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_MESSAGE_DETAIL);
			pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, edata->detail);
		}

		if (edata->hint)
		{
			pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_MESSAGE_HINT);
			pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, edata->hint);
		}

		if (edata->context)
		{
			pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_CONTEXT);
			pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, edata->context);
		}

		if (edata->cursorpos > 0)
		{
			snprintf(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%d", edata->cursorpos);
			pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_STATEMENT_POSITION);
			pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, tbuf);
		}

		if (edata->internalpos > 0)
		{
			snprintf(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%d", edata->internalpos);
			pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_INTERNAL_POSITION);
			pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, tbuf);
		}

		if (edata->internalquery)
		{
			pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_INTERNAL_QUERY);
			pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, edata->internalquery);
		}

		if (edata->filename)
		{
			pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_SOURCE_FILE);
			pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, edata->filename);
		}

		if (edata->lineno > 0)
		{
			snprintf(tbuf, sizeof(tbuf), "%d", edata->lineno);
			pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_SOURCE_LINE);
			pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, tbuf);
		}

		if (edata->funcname)
		{
			pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, PG_DIAG_SOURCE_FUNCTION);
			pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, edata->funcname);
		}

		pq_sendbyte(&msgbuf, '\0');		/* terminator */
	}
	else
	{
		/* Old style --- gin up a backwards-compatible message */
		StringInfoData buf;

		initStringInfo(&buf);

		appendStringInfo(&buf, "%s:  ", error_severity(edata->elevel));

		if (edata->show_funcname && edata->funcname)
			appendStringInfo(&buf, "%s: ", edata->funcname);

		if (edata->message)
			appendStringInfoString(&buf, edata->message);
		else
			appendStringInfoString(&buf, gettext("missing error text"));

		if (edata->cursorpos > 0)
			appendStringInfo(&buf, gettext(" at character %d"),
							 edata->cursorpos);
		else if (edata->internalpos > 0)
			appendStringInfo(&buf, gettext(" at character %d"),
							 edata->internalpos);

		appendStringInfoChar(&buf, '\n');

		pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, buf.data);

		pfree(buf.data);
	}

	pq_endmessage(&msgbuf);

	/*
	 * This flush is normally not necessary, since postgres.c will flush
	 * out waiting data when control returns to the main loop. But it
	 * seems best to leave it here, so that the client has some clue what
	 * happened if the backend dies before getting back to the main loop
	 * ... error/notice messages should not be a performance-critical path
	 * anyway, so an extra flush won't hurt much ...
	 */
	pq_flush();
}


/*
 * Support routines for formatting error messages.
 */


/*
 * expand_fmt_string --- process special format codes in a format string
 *
 * We must replace %m with the appropriate strerror string, since vsnprintf
 * won't know what to do with it.
 *
 * The result is a palloc'd string.
 */
static char *
expand_fmt_string(const char *fmt, ErrorData *edata)
{
	StringInfoData buf;
	const char *cp;

	initStringInfo(&buf);

	for (cp = fmt; *cp; cp++)
	{
		if (cp[0] == '%' && cp[1] != '\0')
		{
			cp++;
			if (*cp == 'm')
			{
				/*
				 * Replace %m by system error string.  If there are any
				 * %'s in the string, we'd better double them so that
				 * vsnprintf won't misinterpret.
				 */
				const char *cp2;

				cp2 = useful_strerror(edata->saved_errno);
				for (; *cp2; cp2++)
				{
					if (*cp2 == '%')
						appendStringInfoCharMacro(&buf, '%');
					appendStringInfoCharMacro(&buf, *cp2);
				}
			}
			else
			{
				/* copy % and next char --- this avoids trouble with %%m */
				appendStringInfoCharMacro(&buf, '%');
				appendStringInfoCharMacro(&buf, *cp);
			}
		}
		else
			appendStringInfoCharMacro(&buf, *cp);
	}

	return buf.data;
}


/*
 * A slightly cleaned-up version of strerror()
 */
static const char *
useful_strerror(int errnum)
{
	/* this buffer is only used if errno has a bogus value */
	static char errorstr_buf[48];
	const char *str;

#ifdef WIN32
	/* Winsock error code range, per WinError.h */
	if (errnum >= 10000 && errnum <= 11999)
		return pgwin32_socket_strerror(errnum);
#endif
	str = strerror(errnum);

	/*
	 * Some strerror()s return an empty string for out-of-range errno.
	 * This is ANSI C spec compliant, but not exactly useful.
	 */
	if (str == NULL || *str == '\0')
	{
		/*
		 * translator: This string will be truncated at 47 characters
		 * expanded.
		 */
		snprintf(errorstr_buf, sizeof(errorstr_buf),
				 gettext("operating system error %d"), errnum);
		str = errorstr_buf;
	}

	return str;
}


/*
 * error_severity --- get localized string representing elevel
 */
static const char *
error_severity(int elevel)
{
	const char *prefix;

	switch (elevel)
	{
		case DEBUG1:
		case DEBUG2:
		case DEBUG3:
		case DEBUG4:
		case DEBUG5:
			prefix = gettext("DEBUG");
			break;
		case LOG:
		case COMMERROR:
			prefix = gettext("LOG");
			break;
		case INFO:
			prefix = gettext("INFO");
			break;
		case NOTICE:
			prefix = gettext("NOTICE");
			break;
		case WARNING:
			prefix = gettext("WARNING");
			break;
		case ERROR:
			prefix = gettext("ERROR");
			break;
		case FATAL:
			prefix = gettext("FATAL");
			break;
		case PANIC:
			prefix = gettext("PANIC");
			break;
		default:
			prefix = "???";
			break;
	}

	return prefix;
}


/*
 *	append_with_tabs
 *
 *	Append the string to the StringInfo buffer, inserting a tab after any
 *	newline.
 */
static void
append_with_tabs(StringInfo buf, const char *str)
{
	char		ch;

	while ((ch = *str++) != '\0')
	{
		appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, ch);
		if (ch == '\n')
			appendStringInfoCharMacro(buf, '\t');
	}
}


/*
 * Write errors to stderr (or by equal means when stderr is
 * not available). Used before ereport/elog can be used
 * safely (memory context, GUC load etc)
 */
void
write_stderr(const char *fmt,...)
{
	va_list		ap;

	fmt = gettext(fmt);

	va_start(ap, fmt);
#ifndef WIN32
	/* On Unix, we just fprintf to stderr */
	vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
	fflush(stderr);
#else

	/*
	 * On Win32, we print to stderr if running on a console, or write to
	 * eventlog if running as a service
	 */
	if (pgwin32_is_service())	/* Running as a service */
	{
		char		errbuf[2048];		/* Arbitrary size? */

		vsnprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf), fmt, ap);

		write_eventlog(EVENTLOG_ERROR_TYPE, errbuf);
	}
	else
	{
		/* Not running as service, write to stderr */
		vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
		fflush(stderr);
	}
#endif
	va_end(ap);
}
