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When we reimplemented SRFs in commit 69f4b9c85, our initial choice was to allow the behavior to vary from historical practice in cases where a SRF call appeared within a conditional-execution construct (currently, only CASE or COALESCE). But that was controversial to begin with, and subsequent discussion has resulted in a consensus that it's better to throw an error instead of executing the query differently from before, so long as we can provide a reasonably clear error message and a way to rewrite the query. Hence, add a parser mechanism to allow detection of such cases during parse analysis. The mechanism just requires storing, in the ParseState, a pointer to the set-returning FuncExpr or OpExpr most recently emitted by parse analysis. Then the parsing functions for CASE and COALESCE can detect the presence of a SRF in their arguments by noting whether this pointer changes while analyzing their arguments. Furthermore, if it does, it provides a suitable error cursor location for the complaint. (This means that if there's more than one SRF in the arguments, the error will point at the last one to be analyzed not the first. While connoisseurs of parsing behavior might find that odd, it's unlikely the average user would ever notice.) While at it, we can also provide more specific error messages than before about some pre-existing restrictions, such as no-SRFs-within-aggregates. Also, reject at parse time cases where a NULLIF or IS DISTINCT FROM construct would need to return a set. We've never supported that, but the restriction is depended on in more subtle ways now, so it seems wise to detect it at the start. Also, provide some documentation about how to rewrite a SRF-within-CASE query using a custom wrapper SRF. It turns out that the information_schema.user_mapping_options view contained an instance of exactly the behavior we're now forbidding; but rewriting it makes it more clear and safer too. initdb forced because of user_mapping_options change. Patch by me, with error message suggestions from Alvaro Herrera and Andres Freund, pursuant to a complaint from Regina Obe. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/000001d2d5de$d8d66170$8a832450$@pcorp.us
src/backend/parser/README Parser ====== This directory does more than tokenize and parse SQL queries. It also creates Query structures for the various complex queries that are passed to the optimizer and then executor. parser.c things start here scan.l break query into tokens scansup.c handle escapes in input strings gram.y parse the tokens and produce a "raw" parse tree analyze.c top level of parse analysis for optimizable queries parse_agg.c handle aggregates, like SUM(col1), AVG(col2), ... parse_clause.c handle clauses like WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, ... parse_coerce.c handle coercing expressions to different data types parse_collate.c assign collation information in completed expressions parse_cte.c handle Common Table Expressions (WITH clauses) parse_expr.c handle expressions like col, col + 3, x = 3 or x = 4 parse_func.c handle functions, table.column and column identifiers parse_node.c create nodes for various structures parse_oper.c handle operators in expressions parse_param.c handle Params (for the cases used in the core backend) parse_relation.c support routines for tables and column handling parse_target.c handle the result list of the query parse_type.c support routines for data type handling parse_utilcmd.c parse analysis for utility commands (done at execution time) See also src/common/keywords.c, which contains the table of standard keywords and the keyword lookup function. We separated that out because various frontend code wants to use it too.