[cherry-pick](branch-21) fix cast string to int return wrong result (#36788) (#37803)

## Proposed changes
cherry-pick from master:
https://github.com/apache/doris/pull/36788
https://github.com/apache/doris/pull/36505

<!--Describe your changes.-->

be/src/util/string_parser.hpp

@@ -279,6 +279,11 @@ T StringParser::string_to_int_internal(const char* __restrict s, int len, ParseR
         [[fallthrough]];
     case '+':
         ++i;
+        // only one '+'/'-' char, so could return failure directly
+        if (UNLIKELY(len == 1)) {
+            *result = PARSE_FAILURE;
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
 
     // This is the fast path where the string cannot overflow.

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/trees/expressions/functions/executable/DateTimeExtractAndTransform.java

@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ public class DateTimeExtractAndTransform {
     /**
      * from_days.
      */
-    @ExecFunction(name = "from_days", argTypes = {"INT"}, returnType = "DATE")
+    @ExecFunction(name = "from_days", argTypes = {"INT"}, returnType = "DATEV2")
     public static Expression fromDays(IntegerLiteral n) {
         // doris treat 0000AD as ordinary year but java LocalDateTime treat it as lunar year.
         LocalDateTime res = LocalDateTime.of(0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0)
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ public class DateTimeExtractAndTransform {
         if (res.isBefore(LocalDateTime.of(0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0))) {
             res = res.plusDays(-1);
         }
-        return DateLiteral.fromJavaDateType(res);
+        return DateV2Literal.fromJavaDateType(res);
     }
 
     @ExecFunction(name = "last_day", argTypes = {"DATE"}, returnType = "DATE")

fe/fe-core/src/main/java/org/apache/doris/nereids/trees/expressions/functions/scalar/FromDays.java

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.functions.AlwaysNullable;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.functions.ExplicitlyCastableSignature;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.shape.UnaryExpression;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.trees.expressions.visitor.ExpressionVisitor;
-import org.apache.doris.nereids.types.DateType;
+import org.apache.doris.nereids.types.DateV2Type;
 import org.apache.doris.nereids.types.IntegerType;
 
 import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public class FromDays extends ScalarFunction
         implements UnaryExpression, ExplicitlyCastableSignature, AlwaysNullable {
 
     public static final List<FunctionSignature> SIGNATURES = ImmutableList.of(
-            FunctionSignature.ret(DateType.INSTANCE).args(IntegerType.INSTANCE)
+            FunctionSignature.ret(DateV2Type.INSTANCE).args(IntegerType.INSTANCE)
     );
 
     /**

gensrc/script/doris_builtins_functions.py

@@ -885,6 +885,7 @@ visible_functions = {
         [['utc_timestamp'], 'DATETIME', [], 'ALWAYS_NOT_NULLABLE'],
         [['timestamp'], 'DATETIME', ['DATETIME'], 'ALWAYS_NULLABLE'],
 
+        [['from_days'], 'DATEV2', ['INT'], 'ALWAYS_NULLABLE'],
         [['from_days'], 'DATE', ['INT'], 'ALWAYS_NULLABLE'],
         [['last_day'], 'DATE', ['DATETIME'], 'ALWAYS_NULLABLE'],
         [['last_day'], 'DATE', ['DATE'], 'ALWAYS_NULLABLE'],

regression-test/data/datatype_p0/json/json_cast.out

@@ -41,3 +41,15 @@ true
 -- !sql14 --
 1.1111
 
+-- !sql15 --
+\N
+
+-- !sql16 --
+\N
+
+-- !sql17 --
+\N
+
+-- !sql18 --
+\N
+

regression-test/suites/datatype_p0/json/json_cast.groovy

@@ -31,4 +31,9 @@ suite("test_json_type_cast", "p0") {
     qt_sql12 """select cast("111111" as json)"""
     qt_sql13 """select cast(111111 as json)"""
     qt_sql14 """select cast(1.1111 as json)"""
+
+    qt_sql15 """select cast("+" as int);"""
+    qt_sql16 """select cast("-" as int);"""
+    qt_sql17 """select cast("a" as int);"""
+    qt_sql18 """select cast("/" as int);"""
 }