[regression-test](query) Add regression case of error could not be changed to nullabl when exe… (#15123)

* Add regression case of error could not be changed to nullabl when exeing sql

* add out file

Co-authored-by: smallhibiscus <844981280>

regression-test/data/query_p0/join/test_left_join1.out

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+-- This file is automatically generated. You should know what you did if you want to edit this
+-- !select --
+1	123	1	123	\N	\N
+2	124	2	124	2	124
+3	125	3	125	3	125
+4	126	4	126	4	126
+

regression-test/suites/query_p0/join/ddl/test_left_join1.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+CREATE TABLE `test_left_join1` (
+   `f_key` bigint(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT "0" COMMENT "key",
+   `f_value` bigint(10) REPLACE_IF_NOT_NULL NULL COMMENT "value"
+) ENGINE=OLAP
+AGGREGATE KEY(`f_key`)
+COMMENT "向量引擎bug展示"
+DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`f_key`) BUCKETS 2
+PROPERTIES (
+    "replication_allocation" = "tag.location.default: 1",
+    "in_memory" = "false",
+    "storage_format" = "V2"
+);

regression-test/suites/query_p0/join/test_left_join1.groovy

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+suite("test_left_join1", "query,p0") {
+
+    def tableName = "test_left_join1"
+    sql """drop table if exists ${tableName}"""
+    sql new File("""${context.file.parent}/ddl/test_left_join1.sql""").text
+
+    sql """insert into ${tableName} values (1, 123),(2, 124),(3, 125),(4, 126);"""
+
+    qt_select """ SELECT
+                          *
+                          FROM
+                  ( SELECT f_key, f_value FROM ${tableName} ) a
+                  LEFT JOIN ( SELECT f_key, f_value FROM ${tableName} ) b ON a.f_key = b.f_key
+                  LEFT JOIN (
+                          SELECT
+                  *
+                  FROM
+                  ${tableName}
+                  WHERE
+                  f_key IN ( SELECT f_key FROM ${tableName} WHERE f_key IN ( SELECT f_key FROM ${tableName} WHERE f_value > 123 ) )
+                  ) c ON a.f_key = c.f_key
+                  ORDER BY
+                  a.f_key; 
+             """
+}