[chore](github) Add a workflow to check the build for third-party libraries (#14533)

Currently, we build the third-party libraries and release them automatically (See https://github.com/apache/doris-thirdparty/pull/13). We must make sure that the changes for third-party libraries are valid.

.github/workflows/be-ut-clang.yml

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ name: BE UT (Clang)
 
 on:
   pull_request:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 4,10,16,22 * * *'    # schedule it periodically to share the cache
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.ref }} (BE UT Clang)

.github/workflows/be-ut-mac.yml

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ name: BE UT (macOS)
 
 on:
   pull_request:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 4,10,16,22 * * *'    # schedule it periodically to share the cache
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.ref }} (BE UT macOS)

.github/workflows/build-thirdparty.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+name: Build Third Party Libraries
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.ref }} (Build Third Party Libraries)
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  changes:
+    name: Detect Changes
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      thirdparty_changes: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.thirdparty_changes }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout ${{ github.ref }}
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+          submodules: recursive
+
+      - name: Paths filter
+        uses: ./.github/actions/paths-filter
+        id: filter
+        with:
+          filters: |
+            thirdparty_changes:
+              - 'thirdparty/**'
+
+  build_linux:
+    name: Build Third Party Libraries (Linux)
+    needs: changes
+    if: ${{ needs.changes.outputs.thirdparty_changes == 'true' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout ${{ github.ref }}
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Download
+        run: |
+          cd thirdparty
+          curl -L https://github.com/apache/doris-thirdparty/releases/download/automation/doris-thirdparty-source.tgz \
+            -o doris-thirdparty-source.tgz
+          tar -zxvf doris-thirdparty-source.tgz
+
+      - name: Prepare
+        run: |
+          export DEFAULT_DIR='/opt/doris'
+          export PATH="${DEFAULT_DIR}/ldb-toolchain/bin:${PATH}"
+
+          packages=(
+            'build-essential'
+            'automake'
+            'autoconf'
+            'libtool-bin'
+            'pkg-config'
+            'cmake'
+            'ninja-build'
+            'ccache'
+            'python-is-python3'
+            'bison'
+            'byacc'
+            'flex'
+            'binutils-dev'
+            'libiberty-dev'
+            'curl'
+            'git'
+            'zip'
+            'unzip'
+            'autopoint'
+            'openjdk-11-jdk'
+            'openjdk-11-jdk-headless'
+            'maven'
+          )
+
+          sudo apt update
+          sudo apt upgrade --yes
+          sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install --yes "${packages[@]}"
+
+          mkdir -p "${DEFAULT_DIR}"
+          wget https://github.com/amosbird/ldb_toolchain_gen/releases/download/v0.12/ldb_toolchain_gen.sh \
+            -q -O /tmp/ldb_toolchain_gen.sh
+          bash /tmp/ldb_toolchain_gen.sh "${DEFAULT_DIR}/ldb-toolchain"
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          export DEFAULT_DIR='/opt/doris'
+          export PATH="${DEFAULT_DIR}/ldb-toolchain/bin:${PATH}"
+
+          cd thirdparty
+          ./build-thirdparty.sh -j "$(nproc)"
+
+  build_macos:
+    name: Build Third Party Libraries (macOS)
+    needs: changes
+    if: ${{ needs.changes.outputs.thirdparty_changes == 'true' }}
+    runs-on: macos-12
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout ${{ github.ref }}
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Download
+        run: |
+          cd thirdparty
+          curl -L https://github.com/apache/doris-thirdparty/releases/download/automation/doris-thirdparty-source.tgz \
+            -o doris-thirdparty-source.tgz
+          tar -zxvf doris-thirdparty-source.tgz
+
+      - name: Prepare
+        run: |
+          packages=(
+            'automake'
+            'autoconf'
+            'libtool'
+            'pkg-config'
+            'texinfo'
+            'coreutils'
+            'gnu-getopt'
+            'python'
+            'cmake'
+            'ninja'
+            'ccache'
+            'bison'
+            'byacc'
+            'gettext'
+            'wget'
+            'pcre'
+            'openjdk@11'
+            'maven'
+            'node'
+          )
+
+          brew install "${packages[@]}"
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          cd thirdparty
+          ./build-thirdparty.sh -j "$(nproc)"
+