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MaxScale/Documentation/Reference/MaxAdmin.md
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# MaxAdmin - Admin Interface
# The Maxscale Administrative & Monitoring Client Application
- [Overview](#overview)
- [Configuring MariaDB MaxScale for MaxAdmin](#configuring-mariadb-maxscale-for-maxadmin)
- [Running MaxAdmin](#running-maxadmin)
- [Working With Administration Interface Users](#working-with-administration-interface-users)
- [Getting Help](#getting-help)
- [Working with Services](#working-with-services)
- [Working with Servers](#working-with-servers)
- [Working with Sessions](#working-with-sessions)
- [Descriptor Control Blocks](#descriptor-control-blocks)
- [Working with Filters](#working-with-filters)
- [Working with Monitors](#working-with-monitors)
- [MariaDB MaxScale Status Commands](#maxscale-status-commands)
- [Administration Commands](#administration-commands)
- [Runtime Configuration Changes](#runtime-configuration-changes)
- [Servers](#servers)
- [Listeners](#listeners)
- [Monitors](#monitors)
- [Tuning MariaDB MaxScale](#tuning-mariadb-maxscale)
# Overview
MaxAdmin is a simple client interface that can be used to interact with the
MariaDB MaxScale server, it allows the display of internal MariaDB MaxScale
statistics, status and control of MariaDB MaxScale operations.
MaxAdmin supports
* Interactive user sessions
* Execution of one-off commands via command line arguments
* Execution of command scripts
# Configuring MariaDB MaxScale for MaxAdmin
In order to be able to use MaxAdmin, MariaDB MaxScale must be configured for it.
There are two ways MaxAdmin can connect to to MaxScale.
* Using a Unix domain socket.
* Using a hostname and port.
The first alternative is introduced in MaxScale 2.0 and is the secure and
recommended way. The second alternative is available for backward compatibility,
but is _insecure_ and **deprecated** and _will be removed in a future version of
MaxScale_.
An example configuration looks as follows:
```
[MaxAdmin]
type=service
router=cli
[MaxAdmin Unix Listener]
type=listener
service=MaxAdmin
protocol=maxscaled
socket=default
[MaxAdmin Inet Listener]
type=listener
service=MaxAdmin
protocol=maxscaled
address=localhost
port=6603
```
In the configuration above, two listeners are created; one listening on the
default Unix domain socket and one listening on the default port.
Which approach is used has other implications than just how the communication
between MaxAdmin and MariaDB MaxScale is handled. In the former case, the
authorization is based upon the Linux identity and in the latter case on
explicitly created user accounts that have **no** relationship to the Linux
accounts.
Note that if the socket path or port are changed, then MaxAdmin has to be
invoked with `-S` or `-P` respectively.
# Running MaxAdmin
Depending on whether MariaDB MaxScale has been configured to use Unix domain
sockets or internet sockets, MaxAdmin needs to be invoked slightly differently.
If Unix domain sockets are used, then MaxAdmin needs no additional arguments:
```
alice@host$ maxadmin
MaxAdmin>
```
The above implies that the Linux user _alice_ has been enabled to use MaxAdmin.
If internet sockets are used, then either the host, port, user or password has
to be specified explicitly:
```
alice@host$ maxadmin -u maxscale-admin
Password:
MaxScale>
```
When internet sockets are enabled, initially it is possible to connect using
the username `admin` and the password `mariadb`. These remain in effect as long
as no other users have been created. As soon as the first user is added, the use
of `admin/mariadb` as login credentials is disabled.
If Unix domain sockets are used, then initially only `root` has access. MaxAdmin
usage can subsequently be enabled for other Linux users.
The MaxAdmin client application may be run in two different modes, either as an
interactive command shell for executing commands against MariaDB MaxScale or by
passing commands on the MaxAdmin command line itself.
# Working With Administration Interface Users
## What Users Have Been Defined?
In order to see the Linux users for whom MaxAdmin usage has been enabled and any
explicitly created accounts, use the command _show users_.
```
MaxScale> show users
Enabled Linux accounts (secure) : alice, bob, cecil
Created network accounts (insecure): maxscale-admin
MaxScale>
```
Please note that `root` will not be shown.
## Enabling a Linux account
To enable MaxAdmin usage for a particular Linux account, use the command _enable
account_. This command is passed a user name, which should be the same as that
of an existing Linux user.
```
MaxScale> enable account bob
```
Note that it is not checked that the provided name indeed corresponds to an
existing Linux account, so it is possible to enable an account that does not
exist yet.
Note also that it is possible to enable a Linux account irrespective of how
MaxAdmin has connected to MariaDB MaxScale. That is, the command is not
restricted to MaxAdmin users connecting over a Unix domain socket.
## Disabling a Linux account
To disable MaxAdmin usage for a particular Linux account, use the command
_disable account_. This command is passed a user name, which should be a Linux
user for whom MaxAdmin usage earlier has been enabled.
```
MaxScale> disable account bob
```
Note also that it is possible to disable a Linux account irrespective of how
MaxAdmin has connected to MariaDB MaxScale. That is, the command is not
restricted to MaxAdmin users connecting over a Unix domain socket.
Note that it is possible to disable the current user, but that will only affect
the next attempt to use MaxAdmin. `root` cannot be removed.
## Add A New User
To add a new MaxAdmin user to be used when MaxAdmin connects over an internet
socket, use the command _add user_. This command is passed a user name and a
password.
```
MaxScale> add user maxscale-admin secretpwd
User maxscale-admin has been successfully added.
MaxScale>
```
Note that there is no difference in rights between an enabled Linux account and
an explicitly created user.
## Delete A User
To remove a user the command _remove user_ is used and it is invoked with the
username and password.
```
MaxScale> remove user maxscale-admin secretpwd
User maxscale-admin has been successfully removed.
MaxScale>
```
Note that it is possible to remove the current user, but that will only affect
the next attempt to use MaxAdmin.
# Command Line Switches
The MaxAdmin command accepts a number of options. See the output of
`maxadmin --help` for more details.
## Interactive Operation
If no arguments other than the command line switches are passed to MaxAdmin it
will enter its interactive mode of operation. Users will be prompted to enter
commands with a **MaxScale>** prompt. The commands themselves are documented in
the sections later in this document. A help system is available that will give
some minimal details of the commands available.
Command history is available on platforms that support the libedit library. This
allows the use of the up and down arrow keys to recall previous commands that
have been executed by MaxAdmin. The default edit mode for the history is to
emulate the vi commands, the behavior of libedit may however be customized using
the .editrc file. To obtain the history of commands that have been executed use
the inbuilt history command.
In interactive mode it is possible to execute a set of commands stored in an
external file by using the source command. The command takes the argument of a
filename which should contain a set of MariaDB MaxScale commands, one per
line. These will be executed in the order they appear in the file.
## Command Line Operation
MaxAdmin can also be used to execute commands that are passed on the command
line, e.g.
```
-bash-4.1$ maxadmin -S /tmp/maxadmin.sock list services
Password:
Services.
--------------------------+----------------------+--------+---------------
Service Name | Router Module | #Users | Total Sessions
--------------------------+----------------------+--------+---------------
Test Service | readconnroute | 1 | 1
Split Service | readwritesplit | 1 | 1
Filter Service | readconnroute | 1 | 1
QLA Service | readconnroute | 1 | 1
Debug Service | debugcli | 1 | 1
CLI | cli | 2 | 27
--------------------------+----------------------+--------+---------------
-bash-4.1$
```
The single command is executed and MaxAdmin then terminates. If the -p option is
not given then MaxAdmin will prompt for a password. If a MariaDB MaxScale
command requires an argument which contains whitespace, for example a service
name, that name should be quoted. The quotes will be preserved and used in the
execution of the MariaDB MaxScale command.
```
-bash-4.1$ maxadmin show service "QLA Service"
Password:
Service 0x70c6a0
Service: QLA Service
Router: readconnroute (0x7ffff0f7ae60)
Number of router sessions: 0
Current no. of router sessions: 0
Number of queries forwarded: 0
Started: Wed Jun 25 10:08:23 2014
Backend databases
127.0.0.1:3309 Protocol: MySQLBackend
127.0.0.1:3308 Protocol: MySQLBackend
127.0.0.1:3307 Protocol: MySQLBackend
127.0.0.1:3306 Protocol: MySQLBackend
Users data: 0x724340
Total connections: 1
Currently connected: 1
-bash-4.1$
```
Command files may be executed by either calling MaxAdmin with the name of the
file that contains the commands
```
maxadmin listall.ms
```
Or by using the #! mechanism to make the command file executable from the
shell. To do this add a line at the start of your command file that contains the
#! directive with the path of the MaxAdmin executable. Command options may also
be given in this line. For example to create a script file that runs a set of
list commands
```
#!/usr/bin/maxadmin
list modules
list servers
list services
list listeners
list dcbs
list sessions
list filters
```
Then simply set this file to have execute permissions and it may be run like any
other command in the Linux shell.
## The .maxadmin file
MaxAdmin supports a mechanism to set defaults for the command line switches via
a file in the home directory of the user. If a file named `.maxadmin` exists, it
will be read and parameters set according to the entries in that file.
This mechanism can be used to provide defaults to the command line options. If a
command line option is provided, it will still override the value in the
`.maxadmin` file.
The parameters than can be set are:
* `1.4`: _hostname_, _port_, _user_ and _passwd_
* `2.0.0` and `2.0.1`: _socket_
* `2.0.2` onwards: _socket_, _hostname_, _port_, _user_ and _passwd_ (and as synonym _password_)
An example of a `.maxadmin` file that will alter the default socket path is:
```
socket=/somepath/maxadmin.socket
```
Note that if in `2.0.2` or later, a value for _socket_ as well as any of the
internet socket related options, such as _hostname_, is provided in `.maxadmin`,
then _socket_ takes precedence. In that case, provide at least one internet
socket related option on the command line to force MaxAdmin to use an internet
socket and thus the internet socket related options from `.maxadmin`.
The `.maxadmin` file may be made read only to protect any passwords written to
that file.
# Getting Help
A help system is available that describes the commands available via the
administration interface. To obtain a list of all commands available simply type
the command help.
```
MaxScale> help
Available commands:
add [user|server]
remove [user|server]
create [server|listener|monitor]
destroy [server|listener|monitor]
alter [server|monitor]
set [server|pollsleep|nbpolls|log_throttling]
clear server
disable [heartbeat|log|log-priority|sessionlog|sessionlog-priority|root|feedback|syslog|maxlog|account]
enable [heartbeat|log|log-priority|sessionlog|sessionlog-priority|root|feedback|syslog|maxlog|account]
flush [log|logs]
list [clients|dcbs|filters|listeners|modules|monitors|services|servers|sessions|threads|commands]
reload [config|dbusers]
restart [monitor|service|listener]
shutdown [maxscale|monitor|service|listener]
show [dcblist|dcbs|dcb|dbusers|epoll|eventq|eventstats|feedbackreport|filter|filters|log_throttling|modules|monitor|monitors|persistent|server|servers|serversjson|services|service|session|sessionlist|sessions|tasks|threads|users]
sync logs
call command
Type help command to see details of each command. Where commands require names
as arguments and these names contain whitespace either the \ character may be
used to escape the whitespace or the name may be enclosed in double quotes ".
MaxScale>
```
To see more details on a particular command, and a list of the sub commands of
the command, type help followed by the command name.
```
MaxScale> help list
Available options to the list command:
'clients' - List all clients
List all the client connections to MaxScale
'dcbs' - List all DCBs
List all the DCBs active within MaxScale
'filters' - List all filters
List all the filters defined within MaxScale
'listeners' - List all listeners
List all the listeners defined within MaxScale
'modules' - List all currently loaded modules
List all currently loaded modules
'monitors' - List all monitors
List all monitors
'services' - List all the services
List all the services defined within MaxScale
'servers' - List all servers
List all the servers defined within MaxScale
'sessions' - List all sessions
List all the active sessions within MaxScale
'threads' - List polling threads
List the status of the polling threads in MaxScale
'commands' - List registered commands
Usage list commands [DOMAIN] [COMMAND]
Parameters:
DOMAIN Regular expressions for filtering module domains
COMMAND Regular expressions for filtering module commands
MaxScale>
```
# Working With Services
A service is a very important concept in MariaDB MaxScale as it defines the
mechanism by which clients interact with MariaDB MaxScale and can attached to
the backend databases. A number of commands exist that allow interaction with
the services.
## What Services Are Available?
The _list services_ command can be used to discover what services are currently
available within your MariaDB MaxScale configuration.
```
MaxScale> list services
Services.
--------------------------+----------------------+--------+---------------
Service Name | Router Module | #Users | Total Sessions
--------------------------+----------------------+--------+---------------
Test Service | readconnroute | 1 | 1
Split Service | readwritesplit | 1 | 1
Filter Service | readconnroute | 1 | 1
QLA Service | readconnroute | 1 | 1
Debug Service | debugcli | 1 | 1
CLI | cli | 2 | 24
--------------------------+----------------------+--------+---------------
MaxScale>
```
In order to determine which ports services are using then the _list listeners_
command can be used.
```
MaxScale> list listeners
Listeners.
---------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------+--------
Service Name | Protocol Module | Address | Port | State
---------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------+--------
Test Service | MySQLClient | * | 4006 | Running
Split Service | MySQLClient | * | 4007 | Running
Filter Service | MySQLClient | * | 4008 | Running
QLA Service | MySQLClient | * | 4009 | Running
Debug Service | telnetd | localhost | 4242 | Running
CLI | maxscaled | localhost | 6603 | Running
---------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------+--------
MaxScale>
```
## See Service Details
It is possible to see the details of an individual service using the _show
service_ command. This command should be passed the name of the service you wish
to examine as an argument. Where a service name contains spaces characters there
should either be escaped or the name placed in quotes.
```
MaxScale> show service "QLA Service"
Service 0x70c6a0
Service: QLA Service
Router: readconnroute (0x7ffff0f7ae60)
Number of router sessions: 0
Current no. of router sessions: 0
Number of queries forwarded: 0
Started: Wed Jun 25 10:08:23 2014
Backend databases
127.0.0.1:3309 Protocol: MySQLBackend
127.0.0.1:3308 Protocol: MySQLBackend
127.0.0.1:3307 Protocol: MySQLBackend
127.0.0.1:3306 Protocol: MySQLBackend
Users data: 0x724340
Total connections: 1
Currently connected: 1
MaxScale>
```
This allows the set of backend servers defined by the service to be seen along
with the service statistics and other information.
## Examining Service Users
MariaDB MaxScale provides an authentication model by which the client
application authenticates with MariaDB MaxScale using the credentials they would
normally use to with the database itself. MariaDB MaxScale loads the user data
from one of the backend databases defined for the service. The _show dbusers_
command can be used to examine the user data held by MariaDB MaxScale.
```
MaxScale> show dbusers "Filter Service"
User names: pappo@%, rana@%, new_control@%, new_nuovo@%, uno@192.168.56.1, nuovo@192.168.56.1, pesce@%, tryme@192.168.1.199, repluser@%, seven@%, due@%, pippo@%, mmm@%, daka@127.0.0.1, timour@%, ivan@%, prova@%, changeme@127.0.0.1, uno@%, massimiliano@127.0.0.1, massim@127.0.0.1, massi@127.0.0.1, masssi@127.0.0.1, pappo@127.0.0.1, rana@127.0.0.1, newadded@127.0.0.1, newaded@127.0.0.1, pesce@127.0.0.1, repluser@127.0.0.1, seven@127.0.0.1, pippo@127.0.0.1, due@127.0.0.1, nopwd@127.0.0.1, timour@127.0.0.1, controlla@192.168.56.1, ivan@127.0.0.1, ppp@127.0.0.1, daka@%, nuovo@127.0.0.1, uno@127.0.0.1, repluser@192.168.56.1, havoc@%, tekka@192.168.1.19, due@192.168.56.1, qwerty@127.0.0.1, massimiliano@%, massi@%, massim@%
MaxScale>
```
## Reloading Service User Data
MariaDB MaxScale will automatically reload user data if there are failed
authentication requests from client applications. This reloading is rate limited
and triggered by missing entries in the MariaDB MaxScale table. If a user is
removed from the backend database user table it will not trigger removal from
the MariaDB MaxScale internal table. The reload dbusers command can be used to
force the reloading of the user table within MariaDB MaxScale.
```
MaxScale> reload dbusers "Split Service"
Loaded 34 database users for service Split Service.
MaxScale>
```
## Stopping A Service
It is possible to stop a service from accepting new connections by using the
_shutdown service_ command. This will not affect the connections that are
already in place for a service, but will stop any new connections from being
accepted.
```
MaxScale> shutdown service "Split Service"
MaxScale>
```
## Restart A Stopped Service
A stopped service may be restarted by using the _restart service_ command.
```
MaxScale> restart service "Split Service"
MaxScale>
```
# Working With Servers
The server represents each of the instances of MySQL or MariaDB that a service
may use.
## What Servers Are Configured?
The command _list servers_ can be used to display a list of all the servers
configured within MariaDB MaxScale.
```
MaxScale> list servers
Servers.
-------------------+-----------------+-------+----------------------+------------
Server | Address | Port | Status | Connections
-------------------+-----------------+-------+----------------------+------------
server1 | 127.0.0.1 | 3306 | Running | 0
server2 | 127.0.0.1 | 3307 | Master, Running | 0
server3 | 127.0.0.1 | 3308 | Running | 0
server4 | 127.0.0.1 | 3309 | Slave, Running | 0
-------------------+-----------------+-------+----------------------+------------
MaxScale>
```
## Server Details
It is possible to see more details regarding a given server using the _show
server_ command.
```
MaxScale> show server server2
Server 0x70d460 (server2)
Server: 127.0.0.1
Status: Master, Running
Protocol: MySQLBackend
Port: 3307
Server Version: 5.5.25-MariaDB-log
Node Id: 124
Number of connections: 0
Current no. of conns: 0
Current no. of operations: 0
MaxScale>
```
If the server has a non-zero value set for the server configuration item
"persistpoolmax", then additional information will be shown:
```
Persistent pool size: 1
Persistent measured pool size: 1
Persistent pool max size: 10
Persistent max time (secs): 3660
```
The distinction between pool size and measured pool size is that the first is a
counter that is updated when operations affect the persistent connections pool,
whereas the measured size is the result of checking how many persistent
connections are currently in the pool. It can be slightly different, since any
expired connections are removed during the check.
## Setting The State Of A Server
MariaDB MaxScale maintains a number of status flags for each server that is
configured. These status flags are normally maintained by the monitors but there
are two commands in the user interface that can be used to manually set these
flags; the _set server_ and _clear server_ commands.
|Flag |Description |
|-----------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|running |The server is responding to requests, accepting connections and executing database commands|
|master |The server is a master in a replication or it can be used for database writes |
|slave |The server is a replication slave or is considered as a read only database |
|synced |The server is a fully fledged member of a Galera cluster |
|maintenance|The server is in maintenance mode. It won't be used by services or monitored by monitors |
|stale |The server is a [stale master server](../Monitors/MySQL-Monitor.md) |
All status flags, with the exception of the maintenance flag, will be set by the
monitors that are monitoring the server. If manual control is required the
monitor should be stopped.
```
MaxScale> set server server3 maintenance
MaxScale> clear server server3 maintenance
MaxScale>
```
## Viewing the persistent pool of DCB
The DCBs that are in the pool for a particular server can be displayed (in the
format described below in the DCB section) with a command like:
```
MaxScale> show persistent server1
```
# Working With Sessions
The MariaDB MaxScale session represents the state within MariaDB
MaxScale. Sessions are dynamic entities and not named in the configuration file,
this means that sessions can not be easily named within the user interface. The
sessions are referenced using ID values, these are actually memory address,
however the important thing is that no two session have the same ID.
## What Sessions Are Active in MariaDB MaxScale?
There are a number of ways to find out what sessions are active, the most
comprehensive being the _list sessions_ command.
```
MaxScale> list sessions
Sessions.
-----------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------------------
Session | Client | Service | State
-----------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------------------
0x7267a0 | 127.0.0.1 | CLI | Session ready for routing
0x726340 | | CLI | Listener Session
0x725720 | | Debug Service | Listener Session
0x724720 | | QLA Service | Listener Session
0x72a750 | | Filter Service | Listener Session
0x709500 | | Split Service | Listener Session
0x7092d0 | | Test Service | Listener Session
-----------------+-----------------+----------------+--------------------------
MaxScale>
```
This lists all the sessions for both user connections and for the service
listeners.
The _list clients_ command will give just the subset of sessions that originate
from a client connection.
```
MaxScale> list clients
Client Connections
-----------------+------------+----------------------+------------
Client | DCB | Service | Session
-----------------+------------+----------------------+------------
127.0.0.1 | 0x7274b0 | CLI | 0x727700
127.0.0.1 | 0x727900 | QLA Service | 0x727da0
-----------------+------------+----------------------+------------
MaxScale>
```
## Display Session Details
Once the session ID has been determined using one of the above method it is
possible to determine more detail regarding a session by using the _show
session_ command.
```
MaxScale> show session 0x727da0
Session 0x727da0
State: Session ready for routing
Service: QLA Service (0x70d6a0)
Client DCB: 0x727900
Client Address: 127.0.0.1
Connected: Wed Jun 25 15:27:21 2014
MaxScale>
```
# Descriptor Control Blocks
The Descriptor Control Block or DCB is a very important entity within MariaDB
MaxScale, it represents the state of each connection within MariaDB MaxScale. A
DCB is allocated for every connection from a client, every network listener and
every connection to a backend database. Statistics for each of these connections
are maintained within these DCB’s.
As with session above the DCB’s are not named and are therefore referred to by
the use of a unique ID, the memory address of the DCB.
## Finding DCB’s
There are several ways to determine what DCB’s are active within a MariaDB
MaxScale server, the most straightforward being the _list dcbs_ command.
```
MaxScale> list dcbs
Descriptor Control Blocks
------------+----------------------------+----------------------+----------
DCB | State | Service | Remote
------------+----------------------------+----------------------+----------
0x667170 | DCB for listening socket | Test Service |
0x71a350 | DCB for listening socket | Split Service |
0x724b40 | DCB for listening socket | Filter Service |
0x7250d0 | DCB for listening socket | QLA Service |
0x725740 | DCB for listening socket | Debug Service |
0x726740 | DCB for listening socket | CLI |
0x7274b0 | DCB in the polling loop | CLI | 127.0.0.1
0x727900 | DCB in the polling loop | QLA Service | 127.0.0.1
0x72e880 | DCB in the polling loop | QLA Service |
------------+----------------------------+----------------------+----------
MaxScale>
```
A MariaDB MaxScale server that has activity on it will however have many more
DCB’s than in the example above, making it hard to find the DCB that you
require. The DCB ID is also included in a number of other command outputs,
depending on the information you have it may be easier to use other methods to
locate a particular DCB.
## DCB Of A Client Connection
To find the DCB for a particular client connection it may be best to start with
the list clients command and then look at each DCB for a particular client
address to determine the one of interest.
## DCB Details
The details of an individual DCB can be obtained by use of the _show dcb_
command
```
MaxScale> show dcb 0x727900
DCB: 0x727900
DCB state: DCB in the polling loop
Username: somename
Protocol: MySQLBackend
Server Status: Master, running
Role: Request Handler
Connected to: 127.0.0.1
Owning Session: 0x727da0
Statistics:
No. of Reads: 4
No. of Writes: 3
No. of Buffered Writes: 0
No. of Accepts: 0
No. of High Water Events: 0
No. of Low Water Events: 0
Added to persistent pool: Jun 24 09:09:56
MaxScale>
```
The information Username, Protocol, Server Status are not always relevant, and
will not be shown when they are null. The time the DCB was added to the
persistent pool is only shown for a DCB that is in a persistent pool.
# Working with Filters
Filters allow the request contents and result sets from a database to be
modified for a client connection, pipelines of filters can be created between
the client connection and MariaDB MaxScale router modules.
## What Filters Are Configured?
Filters are configured in the configuration file for MariaDB MaxScale, they are
given names and may be included in the definition of a service. The _list
filters_ command can be used to determine which filters are defined.
```
MaxScale> list filters
Filters
--------------------+-----------------+----------------------------------------
Filter | Module | Options
--------------------+-----------------+----------------------------------------
counter | testfilter |
QLA | qlafilter | /tmp/QueryLog
Replicate | tee |
QLA_BLR | qlafilter | /tmp/QueryLog.blr0
regex | regexfilter |
MySQL5.1 | regexfilter |
top10 | topfilter |
--------------------+-----------------+----------------------------------------
MaxScale>
```
## Retrieve Details Of A Filter Configuration
The command _show filter_ can be used to display information related to a
particular filter.
```
MaxScale> show filter QLA
Filter 0x719460 (QLA)
Module: qlafilter
Options: /tmp/QueryLog
Limit logging to connections from 127.0.0.1
Include queries that match select.*from.*user.*where
MaxScale>
```
## Filter Usage
The _show session_ command will include details for each of the filters in use
within a session. First use _list sessions_ or _list clients_ to find the
session of interest and then run the _show session_ command
```
MaxScale> list clients
Client Connections
-----------------+------------+----------------------+------------
Client | DCB | Service | Session
-----------------+------------+----------------------+------------
127.0.0.1 | 0x7361a0 | Split Service | 0x736680
127.0.0.1 | 0x737ec0 | Plumbing | 0x7382b0
127.0.0.1 | 0x73ab20 | DigitalOcean | 0x73ad90
127.0.0.1 | 0x7219e0 | CLI | 0x721bd0
-----------------+------------+----------------------+------------
MaxScale> show session 0x736680
Session 0x736680
State: Session ready for routing
Service: Split Service (0x719f60)
Client DCB: 0x7361a0
Client Address: 127.0.0.1
Connected: Thu Jun 26 10:10:44 2014
Filter: top10
Report size 10
Logging to file /tmp/Query.top10.1.
Current Top 10:
1 place:
Execution time: 23.826 seconds
SQL: select sum(salary), year(from_date) from salaries s, (select distinct year(from_date) as y1 from salaries) y where (makedate(y.y1, 1) between s.from_date and s.to_date) group by y.y1 ("1988-08-01?
2 place:
Execution time: 5.251 seconds
SQL: select d.dept_name as "Department", y.y1 as "Year", count(*) as "Count" from departments d, dept_emp de, (select distinct year(from_date) as y1 from dept_emp order by 1) y where d.dept_no = de.dept_no and (makedate(y.y1, 1) between de.from_date and de.to_date) group by y.y1, d.dept_name order by 1, 2
3 place:
Execution time: 2.903 seconds
SQL: select year(now()) - year(birth_date) as age, gender, avg(salary) as "Average Salary" from employees e, salaries s where e.emp_no = s.emp_no and ("1988-08-01" between from_date AND to_date) group by year(now()) - year(birth_date), gender order by 1,2
4 place:
Execution time: 2.138 seconds
SQL: select dept_name as "Department", sum(salary) / 12 as "Salary Bill" from employees e, departments d, dept_emp de, salaries s where e.emp_no = de.emp_no and de.dept_no = d.dept_no and ("1988-08-01" between de.from_date AND de.to_date) and ("1988-08-01" between s.from_date AND s.to_date) and s.emp_no = e.emp_no group by dept_name order by 1
5 place:
Execution time: 0.839 seconds
SQL: select dept_name as "Department", avg(year(now()) - year(birth_date)) as "Average Age", gender from employees e, departments d, dept_emp de where e.emp_no = de.emp_no and de.dept_no = d.dept_no and ("1988-08-01" between from_date AND to_date) group by dept_name, gender
6 place:
Execution time: 0.662 seconds
SQL: select year(hire_date) as "Hired", d.dept_name, count(*) as "Count" from employees e, departments d, dept_emp de where de.emp_no = e.emp_no and de.dept_no = d.dept_no group by d.dept_name, year(hire_date)
7 place:
Execution time: 0.286 seconds
SQL: select moves.n_depts As "No. of Departments", count(moves.emp_no) as "No. of Employees" from (select de1.emp_no as emp_no, count(de1.emp_no) as n_depts from dept_emp de1 group by de1.emp_no) as moves group by moves.n_depts order by 1
8 place:
Execution time: 0.248 seconds
SQL: select year(now()) - year(birth_date) as age, gender, count(*) as "Count" from employees group by year(now()) - year(birth_date), gender order by 1,2@
9 place:
Execution time: 0.182 seconds
SQL: select year(hire_date) as "Hired", count(*) as "Count" from employees group by year(hire_date)
10 place:
Execution time: 0.169 seconds
SQL: select year(hire_date) - year(birth_date) as "Age", count(*) as Count from employees group by year(hire_date) - year(birth_date) order by 1
MaxScale>
```
The data displayed varies from filter to filter, the example above is the top
filter. This filter prints a report of the current top queries at the time the
show session command is run.
# Working With Monitors
Monitors are used to monitor the state of databases within MariaDB MaxScale in
order to supply information to other modules, specifically the routers within
MariaDB MaxScale.
## What Monitors Are Running?
To see what monitors are running within MariaDB MaxScale use the _list monitors_
command.
```
MaxScale> list monitors
+----------------------+---------------------
| Monitor | Status
+----------------------+---------------------
| MySQL Monitor | Running
+----------------------+---------------------
MaxScale>
```
## Details Of A Particular Monitor
To see the details of a particular monitor use the _show monitor_ command.
```
MaxScale> show monitor "MySQL Monitor"
Monitor: 0x71c370
Name: MySQL Monitor
Monitor running
Sampling interval: 10000 milliseconds
MaxScale MonitorId: 24209641
Replication lag: disabled
Monitored servers: 127.0.0.1:3306, 127.0.0.1:3307, 127.0.0.1:3308, 127.0.0.1:3309
MaxScale>
```
## Controlling Replication Heartbeat
Some monitors provide a replication heartbeat mechanism that monitors the delay
for data that is replicated from a master to slaves in a tree structured
replication environment. This can be enabled or disabled using the commands
_enable heartbeat_ and _disable heartbeat_.
```
MaxScale> disable heartbeat "MySQL Monitor"
MaxScale> enable heartbeat "MySQL Monitor"
MaxScale>
```
Please note that changes made via this interface will not persist across
restarts of MariaDB MaxScale. To make a permanent change edit the maxscale.cnf
file.
Enabling the replication heartbeat mechanism will add the display of heartbeat
information in the show server output
```
MaxScale> show server server4
Server 0x719800 (server4)
Server: 127.0.0.1
Status: Slave, Running
Protocol: MySQLBackend
Port: 3309
Server Version: 5.5.25-MariaDB-log
Node Id: 4
Number of connections: 0
Current no. of conns: 0
MaxScale> enable heartbeat "MySQL Monitor"
MaxScale> show server server4
Server 0x719800 (server4)
Server: 127.0.0.1
Status: Slave, Running
Protocol: MySQLBackend
Port: 3309
Server Version: 5.5.25-MariaDB-log
Node Id: 4
Slave delay: 0
Last Repl Heartbeat: Thu Jun 26 17:04:58 2014
Number of connections: 0
Current no. of conns: 0
MaxScale>
```
## Shutting Down A Monitor
A monitor may be shutdown using the _shutdown monitor_ command. This allows for
manual control of the status of servers using the _set server_ and _clear
server_ commands.
```
MaxScale> shutdown monitor "MySQL Monitor"
MaxScale> list monitors
+----------------------+---------------------
| Monitor | Status
+----------------------+---------------------
| MySQL Monitor | Stopped
+----------------------+---------------------
MaxScale>
```
## Restarting A Monitor
A monitor that has been shutdown may be restarted using the _restart monitor_
command.
```
MaxScale> restart monitor "MySQL Monitor"
MaxScale> show monitor "MySQL Monitor"
Monitor: 0x71a310
Name: MySQL Monitor
Monitor running
Sampling interval: 10000 milliseconds
MaxScale MonitorId: 24201552
Replication lag: enabled
Monitored servers: 127.0.0.1:3306, 127.0.0.1:3307, 127.0.0.1:3308, 127.0.0.1:3309
MaxScale>
```
# MaxScale Status Commands
A number of commands exists that enable the internal MariaDB MaxScale status to
be revealed, these commands give an insight to how MariaDB MaxScale is using
resource internally and are used to allow the tuning process to take place.
## MariaDB MaxScale Thread Usage
MariaDB MaxScale uses a number of threads, as defined in the MariaDB MaxScale
configuration file, to execute the processing of requests received from clients
and the handling of responses. The _show threads_ command can be used to
determine what each thread is currently being used for.
```
MaxScale> show threads
Polling Threads.
Historic Thread Load Average: 1.00.
Current Thread Load Average: 1.00.
15 Minute Average: 0.48, 5 Minute Average: 1.00, 1 Minute Average: 1.00
Pending event queue length averages:
15 Minute Average: 0.90, 5 Minute Average: 1.83, 1 Minute Average: 2.00
ID | State | # fds | Descriptor | Running | Event
----+------------+--------+------------------+----------+---------------
0 | Processing | 1 | 0xf55a70 | < 100ms | IN|OUT
1 | Processing | 1 | 0xf49ba0 | < 100ms | IN|OUT
2 | Processing | 1 | 0x7f54c0030d00 | < 100ms | IN|OUT
MaxScale>
```
The resultant output returns data as to the average thread utilization for the
past minutes 5 minutes and 15 minutes. It also gives a table, with a row per
thread that shows what DCB that thread is currently processing events for, the
events it is processing and how long, to the nearest 100ms has been send
processing these events.
## The Event Queue
At the core of MariaDB MaxScale is an event driven engine that is processing
network events for the network connections between MariaDB MaxScale and client
applications and MariaDB MaxScale and the backend servers. It is possible to see
the event queue using the _show eventq_ command. This will show the events
currently being executed and those that are queued for execution.
```
MaxScale> show eventq
Event Queue.
DCB | Status | Processing Events | Pending Events
-----------------+------------+--------------------+-------------------
0x1e22f10 | Processing | IN|OUT |
MaxScale>
```
The output of this command gives the DCB’s that are currently in the event
queue, the events queued for that DCB, and events that are being processed for
that DCB.
## The Housekeeper Tasks
Internally MariaDB MaxScale has a housekeeper thread that is used to perform
periodic tasks, it is possible to use the command show tasks to see what tasks
are outstanding within the housekeeper.
```
MaxScale> show tasks
Name | Type | Frequency | Next Due
--------------------------+----------+-----------+-------------------------
Load Average | Repeated | 10 | Wed Nov 19 15:10:51 2014
MaxScale>
```
# Administration Commands
## What Modules Are In use?
In order to determine what modules are in use, and the version and status of
those modules the _list modules_ command can be used.
```
MaxScale> list modules
Modules.
----------------+-------------+---------+-------+-------------------------
Module Name | Module Type | Version | API | Status
----------------+-------------+---------+-------+-------------------------
tee | Filter | V1.0.0 | 1.1.0 | Alpha
qlafilter | Filter | V1.1.1 | 1.1.0 | Alpha
topfilter | Filter | V1.0.1 | 1.1.0 | Alpha
MySQLBackend | Protocol | V2.0.0 | 1.0.0 | Alpha
maxscaled | Protocol | V1.0.0 | 1.0.0 | Alpha
telnetd | Protocol | V1.0.1 | 1.0.0 | Alpha
MySQLClient | Protocol | V1.0.0 | 1.0.0 | Alpha
mysqlmon | Monitor | V1.2.0 | 1.0.0 | Alpha
readconnroute | Router | V1.0.2 | 1.0.0 | Alpha
readwritesplit | Router | V1.0.2 | 1.0.0 | Alpha
debugcli | Router | V1.1.1 | 1.0.0 | Alpha
cli | Router | V1.0.0 | 1.0.0 | Alpha
----------------+-------------+---------+-------+-------------------------
MaxScale>
```
This command provides important version information for the module. Each module
has two versions; the version of the module itself and the version of the module
API that it supports. Also included in the output is the status of the module,
this may be "In Development", “Alpha”, “Beta”, “GA” or “Experimental”.
## Enabling syslog and maxlog logging
MariaDB MaxScale can log messages to syslog, to a log file or to both. The
approach can be set in the config file, but can also be changed from
maxadmin. Syslog logging is identified by *syslog* and file logging by *maxlog*.
```
MaxScale> enable syslog
MaxScale> disable maxlog
```
**NOTE** If you disable both, then you will see no messages at all.
## Rotating the log file
MariaDB MaxScale logs messages to a log file in the log directory of MariaDB
MaxScale. As the log file grows continuously, it is recommended to periodically
rotate it. When rotated, the current log file will be closed and a new one with
the *same* name opened.
To retain the earlier log entries, you need to first rename the log file and then
instruct MaxScale to rotate it.
```
$ mv maxscale.log maxscale1.log
$ # MaxScale continues to write to maxscale1.log
$ kill -SIGUSR1 <maxscale-pid>
$ # MaxScale closes the file (i.e. maxscale1.log) and reopens maxscale.log
```
There are two ways for rotating the log - *flush log maxscale* and *flush logs*
- and the result is identical. The two alternatives are due to historical
reasons; earlier MariaDB MaxScale had several different log files.
```
MaxScale> flush log maxscale
MaxScale>
The flush logs command may be used to rotate all logs with a single command.
MaxScale> flush logs
MaxScale>
```
## Change MariaDB MaxScale Logging Options
From version 1.3 onwards, MariaDB MaxScale has a single log file where messages
of various priority (aka severity) are logged. Consequently, you no longer
enable or disable log files but log priorities. The priorities are the same as
those of syslog and the ones that can be enabled or disabled are *debug*,
*info*, *notice* and *warning*. *Error* and any more severe messages can not be
disabled.
```
MaxScale> enable log-priority info
MaxScale> disable log-priority notice
MaxScale>
```
Please note that changes made via this interface will not persist across
restarts of MariaDB MaxScale. To make a permanent change edit the maxscale.cnf
file.
## Adjusting the Log Throttling
From 2.0 onwards, MariaDB MaxScale will throttle messages that are logged too
frequently, which typically is a sign that MaxScale encounters some error that
just keeps on repeating. The aim is to prevent the log from flooding. The
configuration specifies how many times a particular error may be logged during a
period of a specified length, before it is suppressed for a period of a
specified other length.
The current log throttling configuration can be queried with
```
MaxScale> show log_throttling
10 1000 100000
```
where the numbers are the count, the length (in milliseconds) of the period
during which the counting is made, and the length (in milliseconds) of the
period the message is subsequently suppressed.
The configuration can be set with
```
MaxScale> set log_throttling 10 1000 10000
```
where numbers are specified in the same order as in the *show* case. Setting any
of the values to 0, disables the throttling.
## Reloading The Configuration
A command, _reload config_, is available that will cause MariaDB MaxScale to
reload the maxscale.cnf configuration file. Refer to the [Configuration Guide](../Getting-Started/Configuration-Guide.md)
for a list of parameters that can be changed with it.
## Shutting Down MariaDB MaxScale
The MariaDB MaxScale server may be shutdown using the _shutdown maxscale_
command.
# Runtime Configuration Changes
Starting with the 2.1 version of MaxScale, you can modify the runtime
configuration.
## Servers
### Creating a New Server
In order to add new servers into MaxScale, they must first be created. They can
be created with the `create server` command. Any runtime configuration changes
to servers are persisted meaning that they will still be in effect even after a
restart.
```
'server' - Create a new server
Usage: create server NAME HOST [PORT] [PROTOCOL] [AUTHENTICATOR] [OPTIONS]
Create a new server from the following parameters.
NAME Server name
HOST Server host address
PORT Server port (default 3306)
PROTOCOL Server protocol (default MySQLBackend)
AUTHENTICATOR Authenticator module name (default MySQLAuth)
OPTIONS Options for the authenticator module
The first three parameters are required, the others are optional.
```
### Adding Servers to Services and Monitors
To add a server to a service or a monitor, use the `add server` command. Any
changes to the servers of a service or a monitor are persisted meaning that they
will still be in effect even after a restart.
Servers added to services will only be taken into use by new sessions. Old
sessions will only use the servers that were a part of the service when they
were created.
```
'server' - Add a new server to a service
Usage: add server SERVER TARGET...
The TARGET must be a list of service and monitor names
e.g. add server my-db my-service 'Cluster Monitor'
A server can be assigned to a maximum of 11 objects in one command
```
### Removing Servers from Services and Monitors
To remove servers from a service or a monitor, use the `remove server`
command. The same rules about server usage for services that apply to `add
server` also apply to `remove server`. The servers will only be removed from new
sessions created after the command is executed.
```
'server' - Remove a server from a service or a monitor
Usage: remove server SERVER TARGET...
The TARGET must be a list of service and monitor names
e.g. remove server my-db my-service 'Cluster Monitor'
A server can be removed from a maximum of 11 objects in one command
```
### Altering Servers
You can alter server parameters with the `alter server` command. Any changes to
the address or port of the server will take effect for new connections
only. Changes to other parameters will take effect immediately.
Please note that in order for SSL to be enabled for a created server, all of the
required SSL parameters (`ssl`, `ssl_key`, `ssl_cert` and `ssl_ca_cert`) must be
given in the same command.
```
Usage: alter server NAME KEY=VALUE ...
This will alter an existing parameter of a server. The accepted values for KEY are:
address Server address
port Server port
monuser Monitor user for this server
monpw Monitor password for this server
ssl Enable SSL, value must be 'required'
ssl_key Path to SSL private key
ssl_cert Path to SSL certificate
ssl_ca_cert Path to SSL CA certificate
ssl_version SSL version
ssl_cert_verify_depth Certificate verification depth
A maximum of 11 parameters can be changed at one time.
To configure SSL for a newly created server, the 'ssl', 'ssl_cert',
'ssl_key' and 'ssl_ca_cert' parameters must be given at the same time.
```
### Destroying Servers
You can destroy created servers with the `destroy server` command. Only servers
created with the `create server` command should be destroyed. A server can only
be destroyed once it has been removed from all services and monitors.
```
'server' - Destroy a server
Usage: destroy server NAME
```
## Listeners
### Creating New Listeners
To create a new listener for a service, use the `create listener` command. This
will create and start a new listener for a service which will immediately start
listening for new connections on the specified port.
Please note that in order for SSL to be enabled for a created listeners, all of
the required SSL parameters (`ssl`, `ssl_key`, `ssl_cert` and `ssl_ca_cert`)
must be given. All the `create listener` parameters do not need to be defined in
order for SSL to be enabled. The _default_ parameter can be used to signal that
MaxScale should use a default value for the parameter in question.
```
'listener' - Create a new listener for a service
Usage: create listener SERVICE NAME [HOST] [PORT] [PROTOCOL] [AUTHENTICATOR] [OPTIONS]
[SSL_KEY] [SSL_CERT] [SSL_CA] [SSL_VERSION] [SSL_VERIFY_DEPTH]
Create a new server from the following parameters.
SERVICE Service where this listener is added
NAME Listener name
HOST Listener host address (default 0.0.0.0)
PORT Listener port (default 3306)
PROTOCOL Listener protocol (default MySQLClient)
AUTHENTICATOR Authenticator module name (default MySQLAuth)
OPTIONS Options for the authenticator module
SSL_KEY Path to SSL private key
SSL_CERT Path to SSL certificate
SSL_CA Path to CA certificate
SSL_VERSION SSL version (default MAX)
SSL_VERIFY_DEPTH Certificate verification depth
The first two parameters are required, the others are optional.
Any of the optional parameters can also have the value 'default'
which will be replaced with the default value.
```
### Destroying Listeners
You can destroy created listeners with the `destroy listener` command. This will
remove the persisted configuration and it will not be created on the next
startup. The listener is stopped but it will remain a part of the runtime
configuration until the next restart.
```
'listener' - Destroy a listener
Usage: destroy listener SERVICE NAME
```
## Monitors
### Creating New Monitors
The `create monitor` command creates a new monitor that is initially
stopped. Configure the monitor with the `alter monitor` command and then start
it with the `restart monitor` command. The _user_ and _password_ parameters of
the monitor must be defined before the monitor is started.
```
'monitor' - Create a new monitor
Usage: create monitor NAME MODULE
NAME Monitor name
MODULE Monitor module
```
### Altering Monitors
To alter a monitor, use the `alter monitor` command. Module specific parameters
can also be altered.
```
'monitor' - Alter monitor parameters
Usage: alter monitor NAME KEY=VALUE ...
This will alter an existing parameter of a monitor. To remove parameters,
pass an empty value for a key e.g. 'maxadmin alter monitor my-monitor my-key='
A maximum of 11 key-value pairs can be changed at one time
```
### Destroying Monitors
To destroy a monitor, use the `destroy monitor` command. All servers need to be
removed from the monitor before it can be destroyed. Only created monitors
should be destroyed and they will remain a part of the runtime configuration
until the next restart.
```
'monitor' - Destroy a monitor
Usage: destroy monitor NAME
```
# Tuning MariaDB MaxScale
The way that MariaDB MaxScale does it’s polling is that each of the polling
threads, as defined by the threads parameter in the configuration file, will
call epoll_wait to obtain the events that are to be processed. The events are
then added to a queue for execution. Any thread can read from this queue, not
just the thread that added the event.
Once the thread has done an epoll call with no timeout it will either do an
epoll_wait call with a timeout or it will take an event from the queue if there
is one. These two new parameters affect this behavior.
The first parameter, which may be set by using the non_blocking_polls option in
the configuration file, controls the number of epoll_wait calls that will be
issued without a timeout before MariaDB MaxScale will make a call with a timeout
value. The advantage of performing a call without a timeout is that the kernel
treats this case as different and will not rescheduled the process in this
case. If a timeout is passed then the system call will cause the MariaDB
MaxScale thread to be put back in the scheduling queue and may result in lost
CPU time to MariaDB MaxScale. Setting the value of this parameter too high will
cause MariaDB MaxScale to consume a lot of CPU when there is infrequent work to
be done. The default value of this parameter is 3.
This parameter may also be set via the maxadmin client using the command _set
nbpolls <number>_.
The second parameter is the maximum sleep value that MariaDB MaxScale will pass
to epoll_wait. What normally happens is that MariaDB MaxScale will do an
epoll_wait call with a sleep value that is 10% of the maximum, each time the
returns and there is no more work to be done MariaDB MaxScale will increase this
percentage by 10%. This will continue until the maximum value is reached or
until there is some work to be done. Once the thread finds some work to be done
it will reset the sleep time it uses to 10% of the maximum.
The maximum sleep time is set in milliseconds and can be placed in the
[maxscale] section of the configuration file with the poll_sleep
parameter. Alternatively it may be set in the maxadmin client using the command
_set pollsleep <number>_. The default value of this parameter is 1000.
Setting this value too high means that if a thread collects a large number of
events and adds to the event queue, the other threads might not return from the
epoll_wait calls they are running for some time resulting in less overall
performance. Setting the sleep time too low will cause MariaDB MaxScale to wake
up too often and consume CPU time when there is no work to be done.
The _show epoll_ command can be used to see how often we actually poll with a
timeout, the first two values output are significant. Also the "Number of wake
with pending events" is a good measure. This is the count of the number of times
a blocking call returned to find there was some work waiting from another
thread. If the value is increasing rapidly reducing the maximum sleep value and
increasing the number of non-blocking polls should help the situation.
```
MaxScale> show epoll
Number of epoll cycles: 534
Number of epoll cycles with wait: 10447
Number of read events: 35
Number of write events: 1988
Number of error events: 0
Number of hangup events: 1
Number of accept events: 3
Number of times no threads polling: 5
Current event queue length: 1
Maximum event queue length: 2
Number of DCBs with pending events: 0
Number of wakeups with pending queue: 0
No of poll completions with descriptors
No. of descriptors No. of poll completions.
1 534
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
>= 10 0
MaxScale>
```
If the "Number of DCBs with pending events" grows rapidly it is an indication
that MariaDB MaxScale needs more threads to be able to keep up with the load it
is under.
The _show threads_ command can be used to see the historic average for the
pending events queue, it gives 15 minute, 5 minute and 1 minute averages. The
load average it displays is the event count per poll cycle data. An idea load is
1, in this case MariaDB MaxScale threads and fully occupied but nothing is
waiting for threads to become available for processing.
The _show eventstats_ command can be used to see statistics about how long
events have been queued before processing takes place and also how long the
events took to execute once they have been allocated a thread to run on.
```
MaxScale> show eventstats
Event statistics.
Maximum queue time: 2600ms
Maximum execution time: 1600ms
Maximum event queue length: 3
Current event queue length: 3
| Number of events
Duration | Queued | Executed
---------------+------------+-----------
< 100ms | 107 | 461
100 - 200ms | 958 | 22830
200 - 300ms | 20716 | 2545
300 - 400ms | 3284 | 253
400 - 500ms | 505 | 45
500 - 600ms | 66 | 73
600 - 700ms | 116 | 169
700 - 800ms | 319 | 185
800 - 900ms | 382 | 42
900 - 1000ms | 95 | 31
1000 - 1100ms | 63 | 7
1100 - 1200ms | 18 | 4
1200 - 1300ms | 8 | 2
1300 - 1400ms | 6 | 0
1400 - 1500ms | 1 | 1
1500 - 1600ms | 3 | 1
1600 - 1700ms | 2 | 1
1700 - 1800ms | 2 | 0
1800 - 1900ms | 0 | 0
1900 - 2000ms | 1 | 0
2000 - 2100ms | 0 | 0
2100 - 2200ms | 0 | 0
2200 - 2300ms | 0 | 0
2300 - 2400ms | 0 | 0
2400 - 2500ms | 0 | 0
2500 - 2600ms | 0 | 0
2600 - 2700ms | 1 | 0
2700 - 2800ms | 0 | 0
2800 - 2900ms | 0 | 0
2900 - 3000ms | 0 | 0
> 3000ms | 0 | 0
MaxScale>
```
The statics are defined in 100ms buckets, with the count of the events that fell
into that bucket being recorded.
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