290 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
290 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
CREATE TABLE
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=================================
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描述
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-----------
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该语句用来在数据库中创建一张新表。
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格式
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-----------
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```javascript
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CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] table_name
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(table_definition_list) [table_option_list] [partition_option] [AS] select;
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CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] table_name
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LIKE table_name;
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table_definition_list:
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table_definition [, table_definition ...]
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table_definition:
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column_definition
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| [CONSTRAINT [constraint_name]] PRIMARY KEY index_desc
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| [CONSTRAINT [constraint_name]] UNIQUE {INDEX | KEY} [index_name] index_desc
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| {INDEX | KEY} [index_name] index_desc
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| FULLTEXT [INDEX | KEY] [index_name] fulltext_index_desc
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column_definition_list:
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column_definition [, column_definition ...]
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column_definition:
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column_name data_type
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[DEFAULT const_value] [AUTO_INCREMENT]
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[NULL | NOT NULL] [[PRIMARY] KEY] [UNIQUE [KEY]] comment
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index_desc:
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(column_desc_list) [index_type] [index_option_list]
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fulltext_index_desc:
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(column_desc_list) CTXCAT(column_desc_list) [index_option_list]
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column_desc_list:
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column_desc [, column_desc ...]
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column_desc:
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column_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]
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index_type:
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USING BTREE
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index_option_list:
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index_option [ index_option ...]
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index_option:
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[GLOBAL | LOCAL]
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| block_size
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| compression
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| STORING(column_name_list)
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| comment
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table_option_list:
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table_option [ table_option ...]
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table_option:
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[DEFAULT] {CHARSET | CHARACTER SET} [=] charset_name
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| [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name
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| primary_zone
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| replica_num
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| table_tablegroup
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| block_size
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| compression
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| AUTO_INCREMENT [=] INT_VALUE
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| comment
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| DUPLICATE_SCOPE [=] "none|cluster"
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| LOCALITY [=] "locality description"
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| ROW_FORMAT [=] REDUNDANT|COMPACT|DYNAMIC|COMPRESSED|DEFAULT
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| PCTFREE [=] num
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| parallel_clause
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parallel_clause:
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{NOPARALLEL | PARALLEL integer}
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partition_option:
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PARTITION BY HASH(expression)
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[subpartition_option] PARTITIONS partition_count
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| PARTITION BY KEY([column_name_list])
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[subpartition_option] PARTITIONS partition_count
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| PARTITION BY RANGE {(expression) | COLUMNS (column_name_list)}
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[subpartition_option] (range_partition_list)
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| PARTITION BY LIST {(expression) | COLUMNS (column_name_list)}
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[subpartition_option] PARTITIONS partition_count
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subpartition_option:
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SUBPARTITION BY HASH(expression)
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SUBPARTITIONS subpartition_count
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| SUBPARTITION BY KEY(column_name_list)
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SUBPARTITIONS subpartition_count
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| SUBPARTITION BY RANGE {(expression) | COLUMNS (column_name_list)}
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(range_subpartition_list)
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| SUBPARTITION BY LIST(expression)
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range_partition_list:
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range_partition [, range_partition ...]
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range_partition:
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PARTITION partition_name
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VALUES LESS THAN {(expression_list) | MAXVALUE}
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range_subpartition_list:
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range_subpartition [, range_subpartition ...]
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range_subpartition:
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SUBPARTITION subpartition_name
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VALUES LESS THAN {(expression_list) | MAXVALUE}
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expression_list:
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expression [, expression ...]
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column_name_list:
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column_name [, column_name ...]
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partition_name_list:
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partition_name [, partition_name ...]
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partition_count | subpartition_count:
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INT_VALUE
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```
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参数说明
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-------------
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| **参数** | **描述** |
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|--------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| DUPLICATE_SCOPE | 用来指定复制表属性，取值如下： * none：表示该表是一个普通表 * zone：表示该表是一个复制表，leader需要将事务复制到本zone的所有F副本及R副本 * region：表示该表是一个复制表，leader需要将事务复制到本region的所有F副本及R副本 * cluster：表示该表是一个复制表，leader需要将事务复掉到cluster的所有F副本及R副本 不指定DUPLICATE_SCOPE的情况下，默认值为none。 |
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| ROW_FORMAT | 指定表是否开启encoding存储格式 * redundant <!-- --> <!-- --> * compact <!-- --> <!-- --> * dynamic <!-- --> <!-- --> * compressed <!-- --> <!-- --> * default <!-- --> |
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| BLOCK_SIZE | 指定表的微块大小 |
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| COMPRESSION | 指定表的压缩算法，取值如下： 1. none：不使用压缩算法 2. lz4_1.0: 使用lz4压缩算法 3. zstd_1.0: 使用zstd压缩算法 4. snappy_1.0: 使用snappy压缩算法 |
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| CHARSET \| CHARACTER SET | 指定表中列的默认字符集，可使用：utf8, utf8mb4, gbk, utf16, gb18030 |
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| COLLATE | 指定表中列的默认比较规则，可使用： utf8_bin, utf8_general_ci, utf8_unicode_ci, gbk_bin, gbk_chinese_ci, utf8mb4_general_ci, utf8mb4__general_cs, utf8mb4_bin, utf8mb4_unicode_ci, utf16_general_ci, utf16_bin, utf16_unicode_ci, gb18030_chinese_ci, gb18030_bin |
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| primary_zone | 指定主Zone（副本Leader所在 Zone）。 |
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| replica_num | 指定副本数。 |
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| table_tablegroup | 指定表所属的talegroup。 |
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| AUTO_INCREMENT | 指定表中自增列的初始值。 |
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| comment | 注释。 |
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| LOCALITY | 描述副本在Zone间的分布情况，如：F@z1,F@z2,F@z3,R@z4 表示z1, z2, z3为全功能副本，z4为只读副本。 |
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| PCTFREE | 指定宏块保留空间百分比。 |
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| parallel_clause | 指定表级别的并行度： * NOPARALLEL：并行度为1，默认配置 * PARALLEL integer：指定并行度，integer 取值大于等于 1。 |
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举例
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-----------
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* 创建数据库表。
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```javascript
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CREATE TABLE test (c1 int primary key, c2 VARCHAR(50)) REPLICA_NUM = 3, PRIMARY_ZONE = 'zone1';
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```
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* 创建表，并指定垂直分区。其中第一个分区只有列 c3，第二个分区包含列 c1、c2，没有列出的 c4、c5 列为第三个分区。
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```javascript
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CREATE TABLE t1(c1 int,
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c2 int,
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c3 int,
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c4 int,
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c5 int)
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PARTITION BY CLOUMN ( c3, (c1, c2));
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```
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* 创建一个复制表。
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```javascript
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CREATE TABLE item() locality = 'F,R{all_server}@hz1, F,R{all_server}@hz2,
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F,R{all_server}@hz3' DUPLICATE_SCOPE="cluster"
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```
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* 创建带索引的表。
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```javascript
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create table t1 (c1 int primary key, c2 int, c3 int, index i1 (c2));
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```
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* 创建 hash 分区，分区数为 8 的表。
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```javascript
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create table t1 (c1 int primary key, c2 int) partition by hash(c1) partitions 8;
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```
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* 创建一级分区为 range 分区，二级分区为 key 分区的表。
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```javascript
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create table t1 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int)
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partition by range(c1) subpartition by key(c2, c3) subpartitions 5
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(partition p0 values less than(0), partition p1 values less than(100));
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```
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* 创建一列为 gbk, 一列为 utf8 的表。
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```javascript
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create table t1 (c1 varchar(10),
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c2 varchar(10) charset gbk collate gbk_bin)
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default charset utf8 collate utf8mb4_general_ci;
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```
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* 开启 encoding 并使用 zstd 压缩，宏块保留空间为 5%。
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```javascript
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create table t1 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 varchar(64))
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compression 'zstd_1.0'
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ROW_FORMAT dynamic
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pctfree 5;
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```
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* 创建表 t1，并设置并行度为 3。
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```unknow
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create table t1(c1 int primary key, c2 int) parallel 3;
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```
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