246 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
246 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
INSERT
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===========================
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描述
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-----------
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该语句用于添加一个或多个记录到表中。
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格式
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```javascript
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INSERT [IGNORE] [INTO]
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single_table_insert
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[ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE update_asgn_list]
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single_table_insert:
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{dml_table_name values_clause
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| dml_table_name '(' ')' values_clause
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| dml_table_name '(' column_list ')' values_clause
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| dml_table_name SET update_asgn_list}
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dml_table_name:
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tbl_name [PARTITION (partition_name,...)]
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values_clause:
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{{VALUES | VALUE} ({expr | DEFAULT},...) [, ...]
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| select_stmt}
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column_list
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column_name [, ...]
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update_asgn_list:
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column_name = expr [, ...]
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```
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参数解释
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-------------
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**INSERT...ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE...** **语句执行，affect row的计算：**
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* 在没有设置client_capabilities中CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS的情况下：
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<!-- -->
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<!-- -->
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* 如果设置了CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS：
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<!-- -->
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<!-- -->
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* CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS的影响在于：不设置CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS的情况下，计算affected_row的值，只计算实际更新了行数，而设置了CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS的话，会把所有touched行数（满足冲突条件的行）都记上，而不管其是否发生了真正的数据修改。
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| **参数** | **描述** |
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|-------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| IGNORE | 在INSERT语句执行过程中发生的错误将会被忽略。 |
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| column_list | 用于指定插入数据的列，同时插入多列时，用","隔开。 |
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| tbl_name | 指定要插入的表名。 |
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| partition_name | 插入表指定的分区名。 |
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| update_asgn_list | 赋值语句，例如："c1 = 2" |
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| ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE | 指定对重复主键或唯一键的处理。如果指定了ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE，当要插入的主键或唯一键有重复时，会用配置值替换待插入的值；如果不指定ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE，当要插入的主键或唯一键有重复时，插入报错。 |
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示例
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-----------
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示例表及数据基于以下定义：
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```javascript
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OceanBase(admin@test)>create table t1(c1 int primary key, c2 int) partition by key(c1) partitions 4;
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Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
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OceanBase(admin@test)>create table t2(c1 int primary key, c2 int);
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Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
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OceanBase(admin@test)>select * from t2;
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+----+------+
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| c1 | c2 |
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+----+------+
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| 1 | 1 |
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| 2 | 2 |
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| 3 | 3 |
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| 4 | 4 |
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+----+------+
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4 rows in set (0.06 sec)
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```
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* 向表 t1 中插入一行数数据。
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```javascript
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OceanBase(admin@test)>insert into t1 values(1,1);
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
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OceanBase(admin@test)>select * from t1;
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+----+------+
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| c1 | c2 |
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+----+------+
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| 1 | 1 |
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+----+------+
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1 row in set (0.04 sec)
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```
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* 向表 t1 中插入多行数据。
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```javascript
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OceanBase(admin@test)>insert t1 values(1,1),(2,default),(2+2,3*4);
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Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.02 sec)
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Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
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OceanBase(admin@test)>select * from t1;
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+----+------+
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| c1 | c2 |
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+----+------+
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| 1 | 1 |
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| 2 | NULL |
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| 4 | 12 |
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+----+------+
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3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
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```
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* 向表 t1 指定的 p0 分区插入单行数据。
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```javascript
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OceanBase(admin@test)>insert into t1 partition(p0) (c1) values(5);
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
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OceanBase(admin@test)>select * from t1 partition(p0);
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+----+------+
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| c1 | c2 |
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+----+------+
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| 5 | NULL |
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+----+------+
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1 row in set (0.01 sec)
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```
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* 将表 t2 的查询结果作为数据插入表 t1。
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```javascript
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OceanBase(admin@test)>insert into t1 select * from t2;
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Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.02 sec)
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Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
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OceanBase(admin@test)>select * from t1;
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+----+------+
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| c1 | c2 |
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+----+------+
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| 1 | 1 |
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| 2 | 2 |
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| 3 | 3 |
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| 4 | 4 |
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+----+------+
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4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
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```
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* 向表 t1 中插入重复主键值时利用 ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE 功能进行值更新
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```javascript
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OceanBase(admin@test)>insert into t1 values(1,1),(1,2) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c1=100;
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Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)
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Records: 2 Duplicates: 1 Warnings: 0
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OceanBase(admin@test)>select * from t1;
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+-----+------+
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| c1 | c2 |
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+-----+------+
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| 100 | 1 |
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+-----+------+
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1 row in set (0.02 sec)
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```
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* 对可更新视图v的插入值
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```javascript
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OceanBase(admin@test)>create view v as select * from t1;
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Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
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OceanBase(admin@test)>insert into v values(1,1);
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Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
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OceanBase(admin@test)>select * from v;
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+----+------+
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| c1 | c2 |
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+----+------+
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| 1 | 1 |
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+----+------+
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1 row in set (0.02 sec)
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```
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注意事项
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-------------
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INSERT语句不支持直接对子查询进行插入操作，比如：
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`insert into (select * from t1) values(1, 1)；`
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